30 Scenarios Scenario name Description Cost Space requirement [m2] Risk [credits] Innovation [credits] (1) Centralized: High temperature vertical geoexchange loop for entire campus - Phased approach - All campus buildings are connected to a high temperature geoexchange system - Retrofit buildings to operate a lower temperature hot water - Supplemental heating and cooling sources - $2500-3000 per ton of cooling - Total capital costs for full system are $156 million - Between 2400 (inclined) and 4000 (vertical) boreholes needed to meet 90% of base campus load - 20 m2 for heat pumps and heat exchangers in each building - Large area requirements - Potential for unbalanced loads - More typical, tested approach (2) Distributed: Ambient temperature vertical geoexchange loop with a phased implementation - Phased approach - Add a new ambient loop connecting all buildings while existing steam and chilled water loops are operational - Upgrade building HVAC systems to interface with ambient loop system - Supplemental cooling sources - $3300 per ton of cooling + HVAC retrofit costs - Total capital costs for full system are $156 million - Between 2400 (inclined) and 4000 (vertical) boreholes needed to meet 90% of base campus load - 160 m2 for heat pumps and heat exchangers in each building - Large area requirements - Unbalanced heating and cooling loads due to different programs - System costs and technical constraints could prevent technology from being implemented elsewhere on campus - Net-zero ready, all electric campus - Testbed for new technologies - Phased approach leads to very low downtime for building upgrades
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