This video lesson provides a more advanced approach to cryptography than the more experiential Sturtevant cryptography lesson also in the BLOSSOMS video library. Students will learn about the history of cryptography and they will also learn how powerful even a limited knowledge of mathematics can be as they work through the math used in cryptography. This lesson will require two class sessions (50-60 minutes each) for completion, and the only prerequisite is a 9th grade level of mathematics knowledge. Materials needed include a hexagonal pencil, paper strips, a ruler (12 inches), and the material included in the document, Teachers Material, downloadable below. During the in-class periods between the video breaks, students will be involved in creating cryptography devices with pencils and will be exposed to increasingly more complex cryptography challenges.