The shift from goods-producing to service-producing industries, the increasing polarization of the labor market into low-wage and high-wage sectors, innovations in technology, the relocation of manufacturing industries out of central cities, and periodic recessions have forced up the rate of black joblessness (unemployment and nonparticipation in the labor market)…These problems have been especially evident in the ghetto neighborhoods of large cities, but also because the neighborhoods have become less diversified in a way that has severely worsened the impact of the continuing economic changes. | William Julius Wilson | The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy | <