08/06/84 Artwork constructs in compose. This file provides explanations and short examples of the artwork constructs available within compose. Artwork of a more general nature than discussed here must be constructed with the Multics Graphics System (MGS). In the following sections, dollar signs ($) represent the ASCII backspace character (octal value 010) to indicate that the characters adjoining are overstruck, that is, are in the same column (e.g., "X$X"). A user can insert certain conventional overstruck character patterns into an input file and have them displayed as fabricated symbols and line art diagrams. The detection and expansion of the artwork constructs is controlled with the block-begin-art and block-end-art formatting controls (see Wordpro Reference Manual, AZ98). All examples are shown as they appear on an ASCII, type 11, terminal (overstriking of characters is inappropriate for video terminals). Use of the word "rule" below means a typographic rule, that is, a line of given length, thickness, and orientation. Artwork conventions: Members of the line art set are syntactically significant if overstruck with another character from the set, whereas members of the math symbol set are syntactically significant if they are overstruck with a valid size character (described below). The characters in a construct may be given in any order. Line Math Art Symbol Meaning - element of a horizontal rule | | element of a vertical rule or a vertical bar, depending on overstrike pattern / / element of a +45 degree slant rule or a division sign, depending on overstrike pattern \ element of a -45 degree slant rule ( ( left semicircle or left parenthesis, depending on overstrike pattern ) ) right semicircle or right parenthesis, depending on overstrike pattern ^ ^ up arrow, diamond top vertex, or upward movement, depending on overstrike pattern v v down arrow, diamond bottom vertex, or downward move- ment, depending on overstrike pattern < < left arrow, diamond left vertex, or leftward movement, depending on overstrike pattern > > right arrow, diamond right vertex, or rightward move- ment, depending on overstrike pattern [ left bracket ] right bracket { left brace } right brace X multiplication sign (1-high math symbol only) ~ vertical or slant rule terminator * * horizontal rule terminator or text deletion symbol, depending on overstrike pattern " ' replicator character showing overstrike but having no pictorial meaning H h half-line control, up or down, depending on overstrike pattern S s superscript/subscript control, depending on overstrike pattern = double vertical bar concatenate symbol c text modification change bar (1-high math symbol only) o bullet (1-high math symbol only) If any of the characters in the math symbol set is overstruck with a numeric or alphabetic character it is considered a math symbol and the overstrike character is interpreted as the symbol size. 1-0 1 through 10 a-z 11 through 36 A-Z 31 through 56 Boxes: Rectangular boxes are constructed by defining their four corners with the following four symbols. -$| upper left corner *$| upper right corner -$~ lower left corner *$~ lower right corner The box corners are placed at the BOTTOM and LEFT EDGE of the symbols. The minimum box is one column wide and one line high. Source -|*| -~*~ Minimum box Result __ _|_| Minimum box The maximum box is limited only by the current line length and page length for the document. For example, Source -| *| Larger box with enclosed text. -~ *~ Result __________________________________  | |  | Larger box with enclosed text. | _|_________________________________| If interior lines are needed, be sure to remember that vertical lines start at the TOP of the symbol and end at the BOTTOM of the symbol; and that horizontal lines start and stop at the LEFT EDGE of the symbols. (Note the difference from horizontal lines EXTERIOR to boxes.) For example, Source -| *| "-1"|2*- -~3|~4*~ Result _____ _|_1__|_2_| _|_3__|_4_| Superscripts and subscripts: Superscripts and subscripts are created by placing the letter "s" (either uppercase or lowercase) and one of the two vertical motion characters at the point where the baseline change is to occur. Alternatively, "S" for superscript or "s" for subscript and a replicator character may be used. When using superscripts and subscripts, the user must remember to return to the normal text baseline. For example, the chemical symbol for water could be given as, Hs$v2^$s0 The baseline offset for superscripts and subscripts is one third of the current linespace value but the feature is effective only for those devices capable of fractional linespacing. The constructs are, S$^ superscript s$^ superscript S$" superscript S$' superscript S$v subscript s$v subscript s$" subscript s$' subscript Source A superscript - xS$^2S$v and a subscript - HS$v2S$^0. A superscript - xS^2Sv and a subscript - HSv2S^0. Result A superscript - x2 and a subscript - H20. Half-lines: Half-lines are created by placing the letter "h" (either uppercase or lowercase) and one of the two vertical motion characters at the point where the baseline change is to occur. Alternatively, "H" for half-line up or "h" for half-line down and a replicator character may be used. When using half-lines, the user must remember to return to the normal text baseline. The baseline offset for half-lines is one half of the current linespace value but the feature is effective only for those devices capable of fractional linespacing. The constructs are, H$^ half-line up h$^ half-line up H$" half-line up H$' half-line up H$v half-line down h$v half-line down h$" half-line down h$' half-line down Source A half-line H$vdownH$^ and H$^up.H$v A half-line HvdownH^ and H^up.Hv Result A half-line down and up. Math symbols: Multi-line math symbols are created by "stacking" the appropriate math symbol construct in the same input column for the desired number of lines. The constructs are given as one of the math symbol selector characters below and the alphanumeric character representing the desired size. The maximum symbol size is 56. The size character and the number of input lines given should be the same. Note -- It is critical that text filling be off and that alignment be flush left for these constructs so that the positioning of the symbol elements are maintained. The selector characters are, [ opening bracket ] closing bracket { opening brace } closing brace ( opening parenthesis ) closing parenthesis | single line (Boolean OR) = double line (concatenate) In addition, the following symbols are available as "1-high" only (these symbols may also be used in filled text), o$1 bullet /$1 division sign X$1 multiplication sign $1 asterisk c$1 heavy vertical line (change bar mark) Source 1$[ 1$] 1${ 1$} ($1 )$1 1$| 1$= 1$o 1$/ 1$X *$1 1$c one high math symbols 1[ 1] 1{ 1} (1 )1 1| 1= 1o 1/ 1X *1 1c one high math symbols Result [ ] { } ( ) | [] ox / X * (C) one high math symbols Source 3$[ 3$] 3${ 3$} ($3 )$3 3$| 3$= 3$[ 3$] 3${ 3$} ($3 )$3 3$| 3$= three high math symbols 3$[ 3$] 3${ 3$} ($3 )$3 3$| 3$= 3[ 3] 3{ 3} (3 )3 3| 3= 3[ 3] 3{ 3} (3 )3 3| 3= three high math symbols 3[ 3] 3{ 3} (3 )3 3| 3= Result [ ] { } ( ) | [] [ ] { } ( ) | [] three high math symbols [ ] { } ( ) | [] Diamonds: Diamonds are constructed by defining their vertices with the following four symbols. ^$" top vertex v$" bottom vertex <$" left vertex >$" right vertex Top vertices are positioned at the BOTTOM of the symbol; left and right vertices at the LEFT and RIGHT edges, respectively, of the symbols; and bottom vertices at the TOP of the symbol. Diamonds must always be an ODD number of lines high and the top and bottom vertex symbols must appear in the same column. The left and right vertex symbols must appear on the mid-way line between the top and bottom symbols; must be centered on the column containing the top and bottom symbols; and must be separated by the same number of columns as there are lines separating the top and bottom symbols. Symbols for diamond vertices may NOT appear in column 1. The minimum diamond is one line high and one column wide and has two forms as shown below. The first form has poor appearance on an ASCII terminal but looks good on a plotting terminal. Source "^ "<"> "v Result ^ <>  v The maximum diamond is limited only by the current line length and page length. Source "^ "^ "< "> "v "< "> "v Result ^ ^  < > / \  v < >  \ /  v Lozenges: Lozenges (flattened diamonds) are constructed by defining their four corners and their two vertices with the following five symbols. -$/ upper left corner *$\ upper right corner -$~$\ lower left corner *$~$/ lower right corner \$~$/ left or right vertex The four corners are positioned at the BOTTOM of the symbols; left and right corners at the LEFT and RIGHT edges, respectively, of the symbols; and left and right vertices at the LEFT and RIGHT edges, respectively, of the symbols. Lozenges must always be an ODD number of lines high and the upper and lower corners symbols must appear in the same column on either side. The left and right vertex symbols must appear on the mid-way line between the top and bottom symbols and must lie to the left and right, respectively, of their corners the same number of columns as there are lines separating them from the top and bottom symbols. Symbols for lozenge corners and vertices may NOT appear in column 1. The minimum lozenge is three lines high and three columns wide. Source *-/\ superposed upper left- and right-corners /\~ /\~ *-/\~ superposed lower left- and right-corners Result _  / \  \_/ The maximum lozenge is limited only by the current line length and page length. Source -/ *\ -/ *\ /\~ Is the /\~ -\~flag set?*/~ /\~ /\~   -\~ */~ Result ___________ ____  / Is the \ / \ \__f_l_a_g__s_e_t_?_/ / \  / \  \ /  \ /  \____/ Rules: Typographical rules are created by giving their starting and ending points with the constructs below. Rules are started by giving a rule selector character and any other line art character in an artwork construct and are ended by giving the appropriate terminator character with any other line art character in an artwork construct. Unterminated rules that attempt to cross either page margin result in error messages. Unterminated rules that reach the end of the artwork block are terminated gracefully. The rule selector and terminator characters are, - horizontal rule | vertical rule \ left slant rule / right slant rule * horizontal terminator ~ vertical and slant terminator Source ~$| v$|$~ ~$|$~ -$* -$"-$* -$" -$** -$" Some text -$* -$"Some-$* <$-*$- -$">$* >$- >$* More text More | ~ ~ * "* " * " Some text *Some* -- "* - * * More text More Result | |v |^ _ __ ___S_o_m_e__t_e_x_t_ __S_o_m_e _< __> _<__> More text More Circles and rounded boxes: A circle may be created by giving a left and a right parenthesis, each with a replicator character, in artwork constructs separated by exactly one column. The separating column may be used for a single character. The resulting circle is three lines high. No other circle size is provided. A rounded box may be created by opening up the space between the parenthesis constructs and giving horizontal rules in the line before and the line after the one containing the parentheses. The extra space may be used for any text. The constructs are, ($" left semicircle )$" right semicircle Source "$- -$* "$( "$) "$(H$vAH$^"$) "$( H$vboxH$^ "$) "$- -$* - * ( ) (vA^) ( vbox^ ) - * Result ( ) (A) ( box ) ----------------------------------------------------------- Historical Background This edition of the Multics software materials and documentation is provided and donated to Massachusetts Institute of Technology by Group BULL including BULL HN Information Systems Inc. as a contribution to computer science knowledge. This donation is made also to give evidence of the common contributions of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bell Laboratories, General Electric, Honeywell Information Systems Inc., Honeywell BULL Inc., Groupe BULL and BULL HN Information Systems Inc. to the development of this operating system. Multics development was initiated by Massachusetts Institute of Technology Project MAC (1963-1970), renamed the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence in the mid 1970s, under the leadership of Professor Fernando Jose Corbato. Users consider that Multics provided the best software architecture for managing computer hardware properly and for executing programs. Many subsequent operating systems incorporated Multics principles. Multics was distributed in 1975 to 2000 by Group Bull in Europe , and in the U.S. by Bull HN Information Systems Inc., as successor in interest by change in name only to Honeywell Bull Inc. and Honeywell Information Systems Inc. . ----------------------------------------------------------- Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute these programs and their documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,provided that the below copyright notice and historical background appear in all copies and that both the copyright notice and historical background and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the names of MIT, HIS, BULL or BULL HN not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the programs without specific prior written permission. Copyright 1972 by Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Honeywell Information Systems Inc. Copyright 2006 by BULL HN Information Systems Inc. Copyright 2006 by Bull SAS All Rights Reserved