ASSEMBLY LISTING OF SEGMENT >spec>on>pl128d>random_.alm ASSEMBLED ON: 10/03/83 1347.5 mst Mon OPTIONS USED: list ASSEMBLED BY: ALM Version 6.6 November 1982 ASSEMBLER CREATED: 09/21/83 1227.3 mst Wed  1 " ******************************************************  2 " * *  3 " * *  4 " * Copyright (c) 1972 by Massachusetts Institute of *  5 " * Technology and Honeywell Information Systems, Inc. *  6 " * *  7 " * *  8 " ******************************************************  9  10 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""  11 " This procedure generates pseudo-random numbers using the 12 " Tausworth method. 36 bits are used in the generation.  13 "  14 " There are multiple entry points. For all entry points:  15 " The first argument is a fixed binary input argument,  16 " which is a non-zero integer. This is an optional argument--  17 " if not provided by caller, a value maintained in internal 18 " static is used. This value, from either source,  19 " is the seed for the random number generator. Its value is  20 " modified so that upon return it has the value that should 21 " be used as the seed for the next call.  22 "  23 " There are a set of entry points with two arguments which  24 " are used to generate a single random number. For these:  25 " The second argument is a floating point return argument  26 " that returns the value of the random number generated.  27 "  28 " There are a set of entry points with three arguments which  29 " are used to generate a sequence of random numbers. For these:  30 " The second argument is an array of single precision  31 " floating point numbers. This array returns a sequence of 32 " of random numbers, beginning at the base of the array.  33 " The third argument is a fixed binary(17) input  34 " argument the specifies the size of the array. 35 "  36 " Coded 1 January 1970 by Roger R. Schell  37 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""  38  000000 39 name random_  40  41 " Table of contents 000000 42 entry set_seed 000003 43 entry get_seed 000006 44 entry random_  000006 45 entry uniform  000010 46 entry uniform_ant  000012 47 entry uniform_seq  000014 48 entry uniform_ant_seq  000016 49 entry normal  000021 50 entry normal_ant  000024 51 entry normal_seq  000027 52 entry normal_ant_seq  000032 53 entry exponential  000034 54 entry exponential_seq  55  56  000013 57 equ shift,11  000044 58 equ size,36  000000 59 equ expon,0 exponent to convert integer to floating point 60  61  62 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 63 "  64 " CODING CONVENTIONS  65 "  66 " XR0 used for return address for specific distribution subroutines 67 " XR1 used for return address for generator primitive subroutine  68 " XR2 general purpose register for distribution subroutines 69 " XR3 usedto indicate: 1=> antithetic variable, 0=> usual  70 " XR4 contains the address of the distribution subroutine for this call 71 " XR5 index into return array for the next random number  72 " XR6 count of the number of values to be generated after current one  73 " XR7 general purpose register  74 "  75 " A-reg distribution routine uses to return floating point value  76 " Q-reg always has the seed used by primitive generator 77 "  78 " BP pointer to base of return arguments  79 " AP pointer to the seed  80 "  81 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "  82  83  84  85  86 "  87 " call random_$set_seed(seed);  88  89  000000 90 set_seed:  000000 aa 0 00002 2361 20 91 ldq ap|2,* qet new seed into Q-reg 000001 9a 4 00010 7561 00 92 stq lp|internal_seed save as new value of seed 000002 0a 000063 7100 00 93 tra return return to caller  94  95  96  97 "  98 " call random_$get_seed(seed);  99  100  000003 101 get_seed:  000003 9a 4 00010 2361 00 102 ldq lp|internal_seed get current value of seed 000004 aa 0 00002 7561 20 103 stq ap|2,* return value to caller  000005 0a 000063 7100 00 104 tra return return to caller  105  106  107  108 "  109 " call random_$uniform(seed,random_no); 110  111  000006 112 random_:  000006 113 uniform:  000006 0a 000077 6240 00 114 eax4 uniform_ set XR4 to the address of uniform distribution  000007 0a 000044 7100 00 115 tra single this entry generates a single random number 116  117  118  119 "  120 " call random_$uniform_ant(seed,random_no); 121 " This entry gives negatively correlated value.  122  123  124  000010 125 uniform_ant:  000010 0a 000105 6240 00 126 eax4 uniform_ant_ set up the proper distribution  000011 0a 000044 7100 00 127 tra single this entry generates a single random number 128  129  130  131 "  132 " call random_$uniform_seq(seed,array,array_size);  133 " This entry gives an array of return values  134  135  136  000012 137 uniform_seq:  000012 0a 000077 6240 00 138 eax4 uniform_ we generate sequence from uniform distribution  000013 0a 000036 7100 00 139 tra sequence this entry gives a sequence of numbers  140  141  142  143 "  144 " call random_$uniform_ant_seq(seed,array,array_size);  145  146  000014 147 uniform_ant_seq:  000014 0a 000105 6240 00 148 eax4 uniform_ant_ negatively correlated generator  000015 0a 000036 7100 00 149 tra sequence this entry gives a sequence of numbers  150  151  152  153 "  154 " call random_$normal(seed,random_no);  155  156  000016 157 normal: 000016 0a 000137 6240 00 158 eax4 normal_ normal distribution  000017 aa 000000 6230 00 159 eax3 0 not negatively correlated value 000020 0a 000044 7100 00 160 tra single this entry gives a single number  161  162  163  164 "  165 " call random_$normal_ant(seed,random_no);  166  167  000021 168 normal_ant: 000021 0a 000137 6240 00 169 eax4 normal_ normal distribution  000022 aa 000001 6230 00 170 eax3 1 negatively correlated  000023 0a 000044 7100 00 171 tra single this entry gives single number  172  173  174  175 "  176 " call random_$normal_seq(seed,array,array_size);  177  178  179  000024 180 normal_seq: 000024 0a 000137 6240 00 181 eax4 normal_ normal distribution  000025 aa 000000 6230 00 182 eax3 0 not negatively correlated value 000026 0a 000036 7100 00 183 tra sequence this entry gives a sequence of numbers  184  185  186  187 "  188 " call random_$normal_ant_seq(seed,array,array_size);  189  190  000027 191 normal_ant_seq: 000027 0a 000137 6240 00 192 eax4 normal_ normal distribution  000030 aa 000001 6230 00 193 eax3 1 negatively correlated  000031 0a 000036 7100 00 194 tra sequence this entry gives a sequence of numbers  195  196  197  198 "  199 " call random_$exponential(seed,random_no); 200  201  000032 202 exponential:  000032 0a 000114 6240 00 203 eax4 exponential_ exponential distribution 000033 0a 000044 7100 00 204 tra single this entry gives a single value 205  206  207  208 "  209 " call random_$exponential_seq(seed,array,array_size);  210  211  000034 212 exponential_seq:  000034 0a 000114 6240 00 213 eax4 exponential_ exponential distribution 000035 0a 000036 7100 00 214 tra sequence this entry gives a sequence of numbers  215  216  217  218 "!!!!!!!!!!--set up the number of values to be generated--!!!!!!!!!!  219  220  000036 221 sequence:  000036 aa 0 00000 2271 00 222 ldx7 ap|0 twice number of arguments in XR7 000037 aa 0 00000 7261 37 223 lxl6 ap|0,7* length of sequence to XR6 000040 aa 777776 6270 17 224 eax7 -2,7 subtract two from XR7  000041 aa 777777 6260 16 225 eax6 -1,6 decrement by one 000042 0a 000046 6050 00 226 tpl common if positive value, use it  000043 0a 000063 7100 00 227 tra return if zero or negative, return 228  000044 229 single: 000044 aa 0 00000 2271 00 230 ldx7 ap|0 twice number of arguments in XR7 000045 aa 000000 6260 00 231 eax6 0 use sequence of length one  232  000046 233 common: 000046 aa 0 00000 3521 37 234 eppbp ap|0,7* set bp to point to first return value  000047 aa 000000 6250 00 235 eax5 0 index into array is in XR5  000050 aa 777776 6350 17 236 eaa -2,7 upper A-reg has offset of seed in arglist 000051 aa 000023 7310 00 237 ars 19 should be one or zero in A-reg  000052 0a 000064 7160 05 238 xec set_ap,al set ap to point to the seed  000053 aa 0 00000 2341 00 239 szn ap|0 test for a seed of zero  000054 0a 000056 6010 00 240 tnz loop if non-zero continue  000055 0a 000075 6240 00 241 eax4 zero_arg if zero, generate zero return values 242  000056 243 loop:  000056 aa 000000 7000 14 244 tsx0 0,4 go to appropriate generator  000057 aa 2 00000 4551 15 245 fst bp|0,5 store value returned by generator  000060 aa 000001 6250 15 246 eax5 1,5 increment index into array  000061 aa 777777 6260 16 247 eax6 -1,6 decrement count of remaining 000062 0a 000056 6050 00 248 tpl loop if not done, loop again  249  000063 250 return: 000063 aa 7 00044 7101 20 251 short_return  252  253  254  000064 255 set_ap: "get pointer to seed--from caller or default  000064 9a 4 00010 3501 00 256 eppap lp|internal_seed use internal value if not provided in call  000065 aa 0 00002 3501 20 257 eppap ap|2,* seed is the first argument if provided  258  259  260  261  262 "$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$  263 "$ This is the primitive that actually generates the  264 "$ random number in integer form from the seed. 265 "$  266 "$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$  267  268  269  000066 270 generate:  000066 aa 0 00000 2361 00 271 ldq ap|0 load seed into Q-reg  000067 aa 000013 7720 00 272 qrl shift shift right the seed 000070 aa 0 00000 6561 00 273 ersq ap|0 exclusive or to the seed 000071 aa 0 00000 2361 00 274 ldq ap|0 put same value in Q-reg  000072 aa 000031 7360 00 275 qls size-shift shift the result left  000073 aa 0 00000 6561 00 276 ersq ap|0 exclusive or to previous result  000074 aa 000000 7100 11 277 tra 0,1 return to the caller of primitive  278  279  280  281  282 "!!!!!!!!!!--zero argument generator--!!!!!!!!!!  283  000075 284 zero_arg: "used if input seed is zero  000075 aa 400000 4310 03 285 fld =0.,du load a floating point zero  000076 aa 000000 7100 10 286 tra 0,0 return 287  288  289  290  291 "!!!!!!!!!!--uniform generator--!!!!!!!!!!  292  000077 293 uniform_:  000077 0a 000066 7010 00 294 tsx1 generate generate one random number  000100 aa 0 00000 2351 00 295 lda ap|0 load A-reg with integer value 000101 aa 000001 7710 00 296 arl 1 make it a positive number  000102 aa 000000 4110 03 297 lde expon,du convert to floating point 000103 aa 400000 4750 03 298 fad =0.,du normalize  000104 aa 000000 7100 10 299 tra 0,0 return 300  301  000105 302 uniform_ant_:  000105 0a 000066 7010 00 303 tsx1 generate generate one random number  000106 aa 0 00000 2351 00 304 lda ap|0 load integer value into A-reg 000107 aa 000001 7710 00 305 arl 1 make it a positive number  000110 aa 000000 4110 03 306 lde expon,du convert to floating point 000111 aa 000000 5130 00 307 fneg "take negative value 000112 aa 002400 4750 03 308 fad =1.,du normalize  000113 aa 000000 7100 10 309 tra 0,0 return 310  311  312  313  314 "!!!!!!!!!!--exponential generator--!!!!!!!!!!  315  000114 316 exponential_:  000114 aa 777777 6270 00 317 eax7 -1 count number of 'runs' with XR7  000115 318 outer:  000115 aa 000001 6270 17 319 eax7 1,7 add one to count of 'runs'  000116 aa 000001 6220 00 320 eax2 1 use as counter of 'run' length  321 "initialize XR2 with a count of one  000117 0a 000066 7010 00 322 tsx1 generate go to primitive generator  000120 aa 0 00000 2351 00 323 lda ap|0 get seed in A-reg 000121 aa 000001 7710 00 324 arl 1 make it a positive number  000122 aa 000000 4110 03 325 lde expon,du convert to floating point 000123 aa 2 00000 4551 15 326 fst bp|0,5 store it temporarily in return value  000124 327 inner:  000124 aa 0 00000 2351 00 328 lda ap|0 keep value in A-reg for comparison  000125 0a 000066 7010 00 329 tsx1 generate generate another value  000126 aa 000001 6220 12 330 eax2 1,2 add one to count of 'run'length  000127 aa 0 00000 1151 00 331 cmpa ap|0 compare last number with new one 000130 0a 000124 6030 00 332 trc inner if still a run down,loop again  000131 aa 000001 3620 03 333 anx2 =1,du check if 'run' has even length  000132 0a 000115 6010 00 334 tnz outer if not even, get another run 000133 aa 000000 6350 17 335 eaa 0,7 no of runs before even length  000134 aa 042000 4110 03 336 lde =17b25,du convert to floating point  000135 aa 2 00000 4751 15 337 fad bp|0,5 add first random number to number of 'runs' 000136 aa 000000 7100 10 338 tra 0,0 return  339  340  341  342  343 "!!!!!!!!!!--normal distribution generator--!!!!!!!!!!  344  000137 345 normal_:  000137 aa 400000 4310 03 346 fld =0.,du load a zero 000140 aa 000014 6220 00 347 eax2 12 use XR2 to count 12 times thru loop  000141 348 n_loop: 000141 aa 2 00000 4551 15 349 fst bp|0,5 store the new sum  000142 0a 000066 7010 00 350 tsx1 generate generate the next random number  000143 aa 0 00000 2351 00 351 lda ap|0 load seed into A-reg  000144 aa 000001 7710 00 352 arl 1 make it a positive number  000145 aa 000000 4110 03 353 lde expon,du convert to floating point 000146 aa 2 00000 4751 15 354 fad bp|0,5 add random number to sum  000147 aa 777777 6220 12 355 eax2 -1,2 decrement counter by one 000150 0a 000141 6010 00 356 tnz n_loop accumulate twelve numbers  000151 aa 006600 5750 03 357 fsb =6.,du give a mean of zero 000152 0a 000154 7160 13 358 xec n_norm,3 antithetic if appropriate 000153 aa 000000 7100 10 359 tra 0,0 return 360  000154 361 n_norm: 000154 aa 000000 0110 00 362 nop "o.k. as is if not antithetic  000155 aa 000000 5130 00 363 fneg "take negative for antithetic 364  365  366  367  368  369 "  370 " INTERNAL STATIC DATA  371 "  372  373 use .lkstat.  374 join /link/.lkstat.  375  000010 376 internal_seed:  000010 aa 036333 521620 377 dec 4084114320 "initial internal seed for a new process  378  379 use main  380  381  382 end  ENTRY SEQUENCES  000156 5a 000120 0000 00 000157 aa 7 00046 2721 20 000160 0a 000000 7100 00 000161 5a 000112 0000 00 000162 aa 7 00046 2721 20 000163 0a 000003 7100 00 000164 5a 000105 0000 00 000165 aa 7 00046 2721 20 000166 0a 000006 7100 00 000167 5a 000100 0000 00 000170 aa 7 00046 2721 20 000171 0a 000006 7100 00 000172 5a 000072 0000 00 000173 aa 7 00046 2721 20 000174 0a 000010 7100 00 000175 5a 000064 0000 00 000176 aa 7 00046 2721 20 000177 0a 000012 7100 00 000200 5a 000055 0000 00 000201 aa 7 00046 2721 20 000202 0a 000014 7100 00 000203 5a 000050 0000 00 000204 aa 7 00046 2721 20 000205 0a 000016 7100 00 000206 5a 000042 0000 00 000207 aa 7 00046 2721 20 000210 0a 000021 7100 00 000211 5a 000034 0000 00 000212 aa 7 00046 2721 20 000213 0a 000024 7100 00 000214 5a 000025 0000 00 000215 aa 7 00046 2721 20 000216 0a 000027 7100 00 000217 5a 000017 0000 00 000220 aa 7 00046 2721 20 000221 0a 000032 7100 00 000222 5a 000010 0000 00 000223 aa 7 00046 2721 20 000224 0a 000034 7100 00 NO LITERALS  NAME DEFINITIONS FOR ENTRY POINTS AND SEGDEFS 000226 5a 000003 000000 000227 5a 000135 600000 000230 aa 000000 000000 000231 55 000010 000002 000232 5a 000002 400003 000233 55 000006 000010 000234 aa 007 162 141 156 000235 aa 144 157 155 137 000236 55 000017 000003 000237 0a 000223 500000 000240 55 000013 000003 000241 aa 017 145 170 160 exponential_seq 000242 aa 157 156 145 156 000243 aa 164 151 141 154 000244 aa 137 163 145 161 000245 55 000025 000010 000246 0a 000220 500000 000247 55 000022 000003 000250 aa 013 145 170 160 exponential 000251 aa 157 156 145 156 000252 aa 164 151 141 154 000253 55 000034 000017 000254 0a 000215 500000 000255 55 000030 000003 000256 aa 016 156 157 162 normal_ant_seq  000257 aa 155 141 154 137 000260 aa 141 156 164 137 000261 aa 163 145 161 000 000262 55 000042 000025 000263 0a 000212 500000 000264 55 000037 000003 000265 aa 012 156 157 162 normal_seq  000266 aa 155 141 154 137 000267 aa 163 145 161 000 000270 55 000050 000034 000271 0a 000207 500000 000272 55 000045 000003 000273 aa 012 156 157 162 normal_ant  000274 aa 155 141 154 137 000275 aa 141 156 164 000 000276 55 000055 000042 000277 0a 000204 500000 000300 55 000053 000003 000301 aa 006 156 157 162 normal  000302 aa 155 141 154 000 000303 55 000064 000050 000304 0a 000201 500000 000305 55 000060 000003 000306 aa 017 165 156 151 uniform_ant_seq 000307 aa 146 157 162 155 000310 aa 137 141 156 164 000311 aa 137 163 145 161 000312 55 000072 000055 000313 0a 000176 500000 000314 55 000067 000003 000315 aa 013 165 156 151 uniform_seq 000316 aa 146 157 162 155 000317 aa 137 163 145 161 000320 55 000100 000064 000321 0a 000173 500000 000322 55 000075 000003 000323 aa 013 165 156 151 uniform_ant 000324 aa 146 157 162 155 000325 aa 137 141 156 164 000326 55 000105 000072 000327 0a 000170 500000 000330 55 000103 000003 000331 aa 007 165 156 151 uniform 000332 aa 146 157 162 155 000333 55 000112 000100 000334 0a 000165 500000 000335 55 000110 000003 000336 aa 007 162 141 156 random_ 000337 aa 144 157 155 137 000340 55 000120 000105 000341 0a 000162 500000 000342 55 000115 000003 000343 aa 010 147 145 164 get_seed  000344 aa 137 163 145 145 000345 aa 144 000 000 000 000346 55 000126 000112 000347 0a 000157 500000 000350 55 000123 000003 000351 aa 010 163 145 164 set_seed  000352 aa 137 163 145 145 000353 aa 144 000 000 000 000354 55 000002 000120 000355 6a 000000 400002 000356 55 000131 000003 000357 aa 014 163 171 155 symbol_table  000360 aa 142 157 154 137 000361 aa 164 141 142 154 000362 aa 145 000 000 000 DEFINITIONS HASH TABLE  000363 aa 000000 000033 000364 aa 000000 000000 000365 5a 000017 000000 000366 5a 000112 000000 000367 aa 000000 000000 000370 aa 000000 000000 000371 aa 000000 000000 000372 aa 000000 000000 000373 aa 000000 000000 000374 aa 000000 000000 000375 aa 000000 000000 000376 5a 000126 000000 000377 aa 000000 000000 000400 5a 000105 000000 000401 aa 000000 000000 000402 5a 000120 000000 000403 aa 000000 000000 000404 5a 000055 000000 000405 aa 000000 000000 000406 5a 000025 000000 000407 aa 000000 000000 000410 5a 000064 000000 000411 5a 000072 000000 000412 5a 000034 000000 000413 5a 000042 000000 000414 5a 000010 000000 000415 5a 000100 000000 000416 5a 000050 000000 NO EXTERNAL NAMES  NO TRAP POINTER WORDS  TYPE PAIR BLOCKS  000417 aa 000001 000000 000420 aa 000000 000000 INTERNAL EXPRESSION WORDS 000421 aa 000000 000000 LINKAGE INFORMATION 000000 aa 000000 000000 000001 0a 000226 000000 000002 aa 000000 000000 000003 aa 000000 000000 000004 aa 000000 000000 000005 aa 000000 000000 000006 22 000012 000012 000007 a2 000000 000002 SYMBOL INFORMATION SYMBOL TABLE HEADER  000000 aa 000000 000001 000001 aa 163171 155142 000002 aa 164162 145145 000003 aa 000000 000004 000004 aa 000000 112143 000005 aa 305203 523135 000006 aa 000000 112162 000007 aa 425700 655616 000010 aa 141154 155040 000011 aa 040040 040040 000012 aa 000024 000040 000013 aa 000034 000040 000014 aa 000044 000100 000015 aa 000002 000002 000016 aa 000064 000000 000017 aa 000000 000134 000020 aa 000000 000101 000021 aa 000000 000123 000022 aa 000126 000101 000023 aa 000064 000000 000024 aa 101114 115040 000025 aa 126145 162163 000026 aa 151157 156040 000027 aa 040066 056066 000030 aa 040040 116157 000031 aa 166145 155142 000032 aa 145162 040061 000033 aa 071070 062040 000034 aa 107112 157150 000035 aa 156163 157156 000036 aa 056123 171163 000037 aa 115141 151156 000040 aa 164056 155040 000041 aa 040040 040040 000042 aa 040040 040040 000043 aa 040040 040040 000044 aa 154151 163164 000045 aa 040040 040040 000046 aa 040040 040040 000047 aa 040040 040040 000050 aa 040040 040040 000051 aa 040040 040040 000052 aa 040040 040040 000053 aa 040040 040040 000054 aa 040040 040040 000055 aa 040040 040040 000056 aa 040040 040040 000057 aa 040040 040040 000060 aa 040040 040040 000061 aa 040040 040040 000062 aa 040040 040040 000063 aa 040040 040040 000064 aa 000000 000001 000065 aa 000000 000001 000066 aa 000072 000033 000067 aa 121622 264430 000070 aa 000000 112162 000071 aa 262356 200000 000072 aa 076163 160145 >spec>on>pl128d>random_.alm 000073 aa 143076 157156 000074 aa 076160 154061 000075 aa 062070 144076 000076 aa 162141 156144 000077 aa 157155 137056 000100 aa 141154 155040 MULTICS ASSEMBLY CROSS REFERENCE LISTING Value Symbol Source file Line number  10 .lkstat. random_: 373, 374.  46 common random_: 226, 233.  0 expon random_: 59, 297, 306, 325, 353. 32 exponential random_: 53, 202.  114 exponential_ random_: 203, 213, 316. 34 exponential_seq random_: 54, 212.  66 generate random_: 270, 294, 303, 322, 329, 350.  3 get_seed random_: 43, 101.  124 inner random_: 327, 332.  10 internal_seed random_: 92, 102, 256, 376.  56 loop random_: 240, 243, 248. 156 main random_: 379. 16 normal random_: 49, 157.  137 normal_ random_: 158, 169, 181, 192, 345. 21 normal_ant random_: 50, 168.  27 normal_ant_seq random_: 52, 191.  24 normal_seq random_: 51, 180.  141 n_loop random_: 348, 356.  154 n_norm random_: 358, 361.  115 outer random_: 318, 334.  6 random_ random_: 44, 112.  63 return random_: 93, 104, 227, 250.  36 sequence random_: 139, 149, 183, 194, 214, 221.  64 set_ap random_: 238, 255.  0 set_seed random_: 42, 90.  13 shift random_: 57, 272, 275. 44 single random_: 115, 127, 160, 171, 204, 229.  44 size random_: 58, 275.  6 uniform random_: 45, 113.  77 uniform_ random_: 114, 138, 293. 10 uniform_ant random_: 46, 125.  105 uniform_ant_ random_: 126, 148, 302. 14 uniform_ant_seq random_: 48, 147.  12 uniform_seq random_: 47, 137.  75 zero_arg random_: 241, 284.  NO FATAL ERRORS  ----------------------------------------------------------- Historical Background This edition of the Multics software materials and documentation is provided and donated to Massachusetts Institute of Technology by Group BULL including BULL HN Information Systems Inc. as a contribution to computer science knowledge. This donation is made also to give evidence of the common contributions of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bell Laboratories, General Electric, Honeywell Information Systems Inc., Honeywell BULL Inc., Groupe BULL and BULL HN Information Systems Inc. to the development of this operating system. Multics development was initiated by Massachusetts Institute of Technology Project MAC (1963-1970), renamed the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence in the mid 1970s, under the leadership of Professor Fernando Jose Corbato. Users consider that Multics provided the best software architecture for managing computer hardware properly and for executing programs. Many subsequent operating systems incorporated Multics principles. Multics was distributed in 1975 to 2000 by Group Bull in Europe , and in the U.S. by Bull HN Information Systems Inc., as successor in interest by change in name only to Honeywell Bull Inc. and Honeywell Information Systems Inc. . ----------------------------------------------------------- Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute these programs and their documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,provided that the below copyright notice and historical background appear in all copies and that both the copyright notice and historical background and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the names of MIT, HIS, BULL or BULL HN not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the programs without specific prior written permission. Copyright 1972 by Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Honeywell Information Systems Inc. Copyright 2006 by BULL HN Information Systems Inc. Copyright 2006 by Bull SAS All Rights Reserved