Russell Frank Weigley et al., Philadelphia : A 300-Year History (Norton, 1982); Sam Bass Warner, The Private City: Philadelphia in Three Periods of Its Growth, revised edition (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1987); M. Laffitte Vieira, West Philadelphia Illustrated (Avil, 1903); John Puckett and Mark Lloyd, Becoming Penn: The Pragmatic American University, 1950-2000 (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015).

Required Reading: Dolores Hayden, "Urban Landscape History: The Sense of Place and the Politics of Space," in The Power of Place: Urban Landscapes as Public History (MIT Press, 1995), 14-43; Anne Whiston Spirn, The Language of Landscape (Yale, 1998), 10-26; Spirn, "The Nature of Mill Creek: Landscape Literacy and Design for Ecological Democracy" (MIT Press, 2019); Spirn, "In Place Over Time (LA+, 2021); West Philadelphia Landscape Project website, see especially: Timeline, Stories (view all videos), and Interactive Maps; "CommUnity Garden @ the Creek: Evolution".

Further Reading: "MYTOWN," interview with Karilyn Crockett, Mass Humanities (Fall 2001), 1, 5-6; Justin Steil, "Antisubordination Planning," Journal of Planning Education and Research (2018), 1-10; Rashad Akeem Williams, "From Racial to Reparative Planning," Planning Education and Research (2020); Spirn, Language of Landscape (Yale, 1998); Spirn, The West Philadelphia Landscape Plan: A Framework for Action (WPLP), 1991); Spirn and Michele Pollio, Vacant Land: A Resource for Reshaping Urban Neighborhoods (WPLP, 1991); Spirn and Pollio, "This Garden Is a Town" (WPLP, 1990); Spirn and Mark Campbell, Shaping the Block (WPLP, 1991); Spirn and Daniel Marcucci Models of Success: Landscape Improvements and Community Development (WPLP, 1991); Spirn and Robert Cheetham, The Digital Database: Atlas and Guide (WPLP, 1996); Spirn, "Reclaiming Common Ground: Water, Neighborhoods, and Public Spaces," in Robert Fishman, ed., The American Planning Tradition (Woodrow Wilson Press and Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000); Randolph T. Hester, Design for Ecological Democracy (MIT Press, 2007); Lynch, Good City Form (MIT, 1981); Sam Bass Warner, To Dwell Is to Garden (Northeastern, 1987).

Required Reading: Cynthia Ott, Pre-colonial, Colonial, and Early Industrial Eras in Mill Creek's History (1997), 1-10; John L. Cotter, et al., "Philadelphia from Pre History into History," The Buried Past: An Archeological History of Philadelphia (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992), 9-28; Armin Lobeck on "The Fall Line," Things Maps Don't Tell Us (MacMillan, 1973), 118-119; Anne Whiston Spirn, "From the Lenape to the Surveyors," draft manuscript.

Required Primary Documents: See items in this week's module on Canvas.

Further Reading: Russell Frank Weigley et al., Philadelphia : A 300-Year History (Norton, 1982); “West Philadelphia History: Pre-History to 1854”; Michael Blaakman, Speculation Nation: Land Mania in the Revolutionary American Republic (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2023) available online; Paul Tough, Whatever It Takes: Geoffrey Canada's Quest to Change Harlem and America (Houghton Mifflen, 2008); Milbrey McLaughlin, You Can't Be What You Can't See: The Power of Opportunity to Change Young Lives (Harvard Education Press, 2018); Milbrey McLaughlin, Merita Irby, and Juliet Langman, Urban Sanctuaries: Neighborhood Organizations in the Lives and Futures of Inner-city Youths (Jossey-Bass, 1994); Barton Hirsch, A Place to Call Home: After-School Programs for Urban Youth (American Psychological Society, 2005); Brian Schultz, "Students as Activists," Schools: Studies in Education 4:1 (2007), 97-124; Ida Salusky, et al, "How Adolescents Develop Responsibility: What Can Be Learned from Youth Programs," in Journal of Research on Adolesence24: 3 (2014); Charles Smith, et al,. Preparing Youth to Thrive (Forum for Youth Investment, 2016).

Required Reading: Cynthia Ott, Pre-colonial, Colonial, and Early Industrial Eras in Mill Creek's History (1997), 10-28; Anne Whiston Spirn, "Mills, Farms, and Estates" and "Roseville and the African Baptist Church," (draft manuscripts); National Gallery of Art, Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane.

Required Primary Documents: See items in this week's module on Canvas.

Further Reading: David Larkin, Mill: The History and Future of Naturally Powered Buildings (Universe, 2000); Anne Farrow, et al., Complicity: How the North Promoted, Prolonged, and Profited from Slavery (Ballantine, 2005); Mark Frazier Lloyd, "Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane 1835-1919” (2010).

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Required Reading: Adam Levine, "The Grid Versus Nature," in Nature's Entrepot, Brian Black and Michael Chiarappa, eds. (University of Pittsburgh Press, 2012), 139-159; Spirn, "Burying the River," draft manuscript; "West Philadelphia History: A Streetcar Suburb in the City, 1854-1907" ; Clayton Lane, "Mill Creek History - Industrial and Modern Eras: 1860-1930" (1997).

Required Looking Assignment: See items in this week's module on Canvas.

Further Reading: M. Laffitte Vieira, West Philadelphia Illustrated (Avil, 1903); Roger Miller and Joseph Siry, "The Emerging Suburb: West Philadelphia 1850-1880," Pennsylvania History, Vol. 47, No. 2 (April 1980), pp. 99-146; Kenneth Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (Oxford University Press, 1985); Adam Levine, Philly H2O: The History of Philadelphia's Watersheds and Sewers: Adam Levine, "Down Under" (Story of trip through a sewer); Sam Bass Warner, Streetcar Suburbs: The Process of Growth in Boston 1870-1900 (MIT Press, 1962); Andrew Heath, In Union There Is Strength: Philadelphia in the Age of Urban Consolidation (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019) Available online.

Required Reading: Isabel Wilkerson, The Warmth of Other Suns: The Epic Story of America's Great Migration (Random Houise, 2010), 8-15 and 527-538; Richard Rothstein, The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America (Liverwright, 2017), vii-xvii and 59-75; devin michelle bunten, "A Sense of Where You Are," Frank News, May 23, 2018; Mark Lloyd, “Subdivision and Reuse 1919-1959” (2010); Spirn, "The Great Migration," draft manuscript; Philadelphia Office of the Controller, "Mapping the Legacy of Structural Racism in Philadelphia" (January 23, 2020).

Required Primary Documents: See items in this week's module on Canvas.

Further Reading: (Random House, 2010); Jacob Lawrence, The Migration Series; Amy Hillier, "Redlining and the Homeowners' Loan Corporation," Journal of Urban History 29:4 (2003); Amy Hillier, “Searching for Red Lines, 1940-1960,” Pennsylvania History 72:1 (Winter 2005), 25-47; Kenneth Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (Oxford University Press, 1985); Reveal podcast, The Red Line: Racial Disparities in Lending.

Required Reading: Heather Hillman, Urban Redevelopment and the Mill Creek Neighborhood: 1930-1970 (1997); Mark Lloyd, “The City Builds a New Community, 1959 to 1983” (2010); John Puckett, "West Park Apartments" ; Spirn, "The Quiet War," draft manuscript; John Puckett, "Mill Creek's Lucien E. Blackwell Homes" ; devin michelle bunten, "A Sense of Where You Are," Frank News, May 23, 2018; Philadelphia Office of the Controller, "Mapping the Legacy of Structural Racism in Philadelphia" (January 23, 2020).

Required Primary Documents: See items in this week's module on Canvas.

Further Reading: Kenneth Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (Oxford University Press, 1985); Richard Rothstein, The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America (Liverwright, 2017); Lawrence Vale, Purging the Poorest (University of Chicago Press, 2013); John Puckett and Mark Lloyd, Becoming Penn, 1950-2000 (University of Pennsylvania Press).

Required Reading: devin michelle bunten, "A Sense of Where You Are," Frank News, May 23, 2018; Elizabeth Shay, et al., Tangled Title and Deed Fraud (2004); Spirn, Holding Ground, draft manuscript; Holding Ground 2018 student report; Westpark Development.

Required Primary Documents: See items in this week's module on Canvas.

Further Reading: Ecological Urbanism student proposals from 2018 to 2022; Justin Steil, et al., "The Social Structure of Mortgage Discrimination" Housing Studies 33:5 (2018), 759-776; Reveal podcast, The Red Line: Racial Disparities in Lending (2017); Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor, Race for Profit: How Banks and the Real Estate Industry Undermined Black Homeownership (U. North Carolina Press, 2019); Edwin Melendez, "After Year 15: Challenges to the Preservation of Housing Financed with Low-income Housing Tax Credits," Housing Policy Debate 19:2 (2008).