The Net Advance of Physics:
SUPERLUMINAL NEUTRINOS
Theories with Neutrino Speed Greater Than Light Speed

In alphabetical order.

• General:
  • The neutrino as a tachyon by A. Chodos et al. [Physics Letters B 150, 431 (1985)]
  • A comment on fermionic tachyons and Poincaré representations by H. Van Dam et al. [Physics Letters B 158, 227 (1985)]
  • Are muon neutrinos faster-than-light particles? by E. Giannetto et al. [Physics Letters B 178, 115 (1986)] Written in part to supply earlier references overlooked by Chodos et al. above.
  • Is the right-handed Majorana neutrino a tachyon? by Rodrigo Huerta [Revista Mexicana de Fisica 32, 659 (1986)]
  • The speed of light and the speed of neutrinos by Leo Stodolsky [Physics Letters B 201, 353 (1988)] Neutrino velocity as a test of special relativity.
  • Against tachyonic neutrinos by R. J. Hughes and G. J. Stephenson Jr. [Physics Letters B 244, 95 (1990)]
  • Neutrino Tests of General and Special Relativity by Chung Ngoc Leung [Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 451, 81 (2000)]
  • The Phantom of the OPERA: Superluminal Neutrinos by Bo-Qiang Ma [2011/11]
  • An Infinitesimally Superluminal Neutrino is Left-Handed, Conserves Lepton Number and Solves the Autobahn Paradox (Illustrative Discussion) by Ulrich D. Jentschura and B. J. Wundt [2012/06] The "Autobahn Paradox" is the fact that subluminal neutrinos are supposed to be necessarily left-handed, but would appear right-handed to an even faster driver who passes them on the highway.
  • Propagation of Superluminal PeV IceCube Neutrinos: A High Energy Spectral Cutoff or New Constraints on Lorentz Invariance Violation by Floyd W. Stecker and Sean T. Scully [2014/04]
  • Neutrinos as probes of Lorentz invariance by Jorge S. Diaz [Advances in High Energy Physics 2014, 962410 (2014)]

• Analogy with Condensed-Matter Physics: Moving dislocations obey equations of motion resembling those of special relativity, but (for reasons connected with the microscopic properties of the medium) can also behave in ways which a relativistic particle cannot. What if relativity is an approximation to the theory of an underlying medium?
  • Breaking the light speed barrier by O. I. Chashchina and Z. K. Silagadze [Acta Physica Polonica B 43, 1917 (2012)]
  • Relativity 4-ever? by O. Chashchina and Z. Silagadze [2021/07] In addition to presenting the authors' own ideas about faster-than-light particles, provides an introduction to the condensed-matter-analogy approach to special relativity.

• Coleman-Glashow Proposal: Different particles see different speeds of light.
  • OPERA-reassessing data on the energy dependence of the speed of neutrinos by Giovanni Amelino-Camelia et al. [2011/09]
  • The Hypothesis of Superluminal Neutrinos: comparing OPERA with other Data by Alessandro Drago et al. [2011/09]
  • Beyond the speed of light on Finsler spacetimes by Christian Pfeifer and Mattias N. R. Wohlfarth [2011/09]
  • Limiting velocities as running parameters and superluminal neutrinos by Mohamed M. Anber and John F. Donoghue [2011/10]
  • OPERA, SN1987a and energy dependence of superluminal neutrino velocity by N. D. Hari Dass [2011/10] Disfavoured by OPERA data.
  • Superluminal neutrino, flavor, and relativity by Frans R. Klinkhamer [2011/10] Flavour-dependent Lorentz violations.
  • Superluminal neutrinos and the Standard Model by Jorge Alfaro [2011/10]
  • Particle-dependent deformations of Lorentz symmetry by Giovanni Amelino-Camelia [2011/11]
  • Extended Lorentz code of a superluminal particle by Gagik Ter-Kazarian [2012/02]
  • Implications of ultra-high energy neutrino flux constraints for Lorentz-invariance violating cosmogenic neutrinos by Peter W. Gorham et al. [2012/07] "We show that future observations of cosmogenic neutrinos will provide by far the most stringent limit on LIV (Coleman-Glashow Lorentz-invariance) in the neutrino sector. We derive the implied level of LIV required to suppress observation of predicted fluxes from several mainstream cosmogenic neutrino models, and specifically those recently constrained by the ANITA and RICE experiments. We simulate via detailed Monte Carlo code the propagation of cosmogenic neutrino fluxes in the presence of LIV-induced energy losses."
  • Neutrino Oscillations and Lorentz Invariance Violation in a Finslerian Geometrical Model by Vito Antonelli et al. [2018/03]

• Deformed Relativity:
  • Taming nonlocality in theories with Planck-scale-deformed Lorentz symmetry by Giovanni Amelino-Camelia et al. [Physical Review Letters 106, 071301 (2010)]
  • Speed of particles and a relativity of locality in kappa-Minkowski quantum spacetime by Giovanni Amelino-Camelia et al. [Physics Letters B 700, 150 (2011)]
  • Complement to Special Relativity at Superluminal Speeds: Cern Neutrinos Explained by Lukasz Andrzej Glinka [2011/10]
  • OPERA neutrinos and relativity by G. Amelino-Camelia et al. [2011/10]
  • A note on superluminal neutrinos and deformed special relativity by Yi Ling [2011/11]
  • Neutrino propagation in noncommutative spacetimes by R. Horvat et al. [2011/11] "We find our deformed dispersion relation to be capable to account for the recent results ... even in the limit of infinitely small noncommutativity" (provided energy low enough).
  • The OPERA Superluminal Neutrinos from Deformed Lorentz Invariance by Yunjie Huo et al. [2011/11]
  • Particle-dependent deformations of Lorentz symmetry by Giovanni Amelino-Camelia [2011/11]
  • Dispersion Relations Explaining OPERA Data From Deformed Lorentz Transformation by Gang Guo and Xiao-Gang He [2011/11]
  • Photon-neutrino interaction in theta-exact covariant noncommutative model: Phenomenology and Quantum properties by Josip Trampetic [2011/12]
  • The deformation-stability fundamental length and deviations from c by Rui Vilela-Mendes [2011/12]
  • What if Superluminal Neutrinos Exist but not Higgs Bosons? by Burra G. Sidharth [2012/01] Argues that spacetime is both non-differentiable and non-commutative.
  • kappa-Poincaré phase space: speed of massless particles and relativity of spacetime locality by Giacomo Rosati et al. [Journal of Physics, Conference Series, 343, 012105 (2012)]

• Doubly-Special Relativity:
  • Minimum Length - Maximum Velocity by Boris Panes [2011/12]
  • Double Special Relativity with a minimum speed and the Uncertainty Principle by Cláudio Nassif C. [2011/12]
  • Neutrino Velocity and the Variability of Fundamental Constants by Victor Flambaum and Maxim Pospelov [2012/06]
  • Light Cone Reflection and the Spectrum of Neutrinos by Alan Chodos [2012/06]
  • Cosmic neutrinos as a window to departures from special relativity by J. M. Camona et al. [2022/06]

• Enhanced Oscillations in Matter: The basis of many neutrino-detection schemes (and the accepted solution to the famous "solar-neutrino problem") is the hypothesis that neutrinos oscillate between various flavour and mass eigenstates in a manner resonantly enhanced when they are slowed passing through matter. Perhaps these oscillations can also result in flavourless "sterile" neutrinos, which in certain models are free to leave our "brane" (spacetime hypersurface) and wander in the "bulk" (hyperspace).
  • Sterile Neutrino Production Through a Matter Effect Enhancement at Long Baselines by Joseph Bramante [2011/10]
  • Neutrino Oscillations and Short Transit Times by L. P. Horwitz and Igal Aharonovich [2012/03] Uses a version of relativistic mechanics formulated by Stueckelberg in the 1940s.

• Gravitation: General-Relativistic Effects: Since the early days of relativity, there has been intermittent argument about whether gravity could create superluminal motion, or at least motion faster than the local speed of light on Earth. Most physicists would argue that this would violate the equivalence principle, but some have always disagreed. The issue of global spacetime-curvature has also arisen in such discussions.
  • Comment on superluminality in general relativity by Dieter Lust and Marios Petropoulos [2011/10] Argues that luxon can appear to move faster than light in certain reference frames.
  • A very simple solution to the OPERA neutrino velocity problem by Juan Manuel Garcia-Islas [2011/10] Argues that gravitational red-shift will create effect of superluminal motion when clocks on Earth are compared with those in orbit.
  • The Velocity of Neutrino in the 4D Medium Model by V. Skorobogatov [2011/11] Some kind of hydrodynamic analogy for hyperspherical universe.
  • Superluminal Neutrinos from Special Relativity with de Sitter Space-time Symmetry by Mu-Lin Yan et al. [2011/11]
  • Use of a physical metric for OPERA experiment by Yukio Tomozawa [2011/11]
  • On determination of the geometric cosmological constant from the OPERA experiment of superluminal neutrinos by Mu-Lin Yan et al. [2011/12] Derives superluminal behaviour from special relativity with de Sitter space-time symmetry.
  • On the GR-speeds of light and particles (A remembrance of things past) by Angelo Loinger and Tiziana Marsico [2012/01] Argue that in general relativity the particle velocity is constrained only to be lower than the local light-velocity, which in certain metrics may exceed the light velocity in vacuo.
  • Superluminal Neutrino Phenomenon as a Result of the Equivalence Principle Violation by Oleksandr F. Batsevych and Roman B. Kapustiy [2012/01] Argue that gravitational mass of neutrino is zero, but inertial mass is not.
  • Metric fluctuations, solution to the superluminal neutrino problem? by Emilio Santos [2012/01]
  • Are OPERA neutrinos faster than light because of non-inertial reference frames? by Claudio Germana [2012/01] "The analysis presented here is falsifiable because it predicts that performing the experiment from January to March/April, the neutrino beam will be detected to arrive 50 ns later than light. "
  • A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Faster-Than-Light Neutrinos by Eric Sakk and Aradhya P. Kumar [2012/02] Argue that, at small scales, spacetime has a Kerr-type metric, and path-lengths are therefore shorter than a large-scale observer expects.
  • Can gravitation accelerate neutrinos? by Sergio A. Hojman and Felipe A. Asenjo [2012/03] Argue that spinning test-particles in a Schwarzchild background can move superluminally.
  • Remark on "Pair Creation Constrains Superluminal Neutrino Propagation" by Sen Hu et al. [2012/03] Argue against Cohen and Glashow, in context of de Sitter space.
  • Artificial Wormhole by A. A. Kirillov and E. P. Savelova [2012/04] Maybe CERN created one.
  • The road toward a general relativistic metric inside the Earth and its effect on neutrino travel from CERN to GRAN-SASSO Laboratory by Olivier Besida [2012/05]

• Gravitation: Non-Einsteinian:
  • Superluminal neutrinos in Horava-Lifshitz gravity by Emmanuel N. Saridakis [2011/10]
  • Reduced Photon Velocities in Agreement with the OPERA Neutrino Experiment by James D. Franson [2011/11] Proposes that gravity slows light but not neutrinos.
  • Mass and Gravitation by Jacky Jerome [2011/12] Attempts to explain neutrino superluminality in terms of a universal theory in which mass is a special kind of closed volume. (The theory is actually related to certain interpretations of general relativity with torsion, but includes enough novel features that I have put it in this category.)
  • Explaining How and Why the Muon Neutrinos Flow Faster Than the Speed of Light in the Opera Neutrino Experiment by Hamid Reza Karimi [2012/01] Argues that existence of a minimum length can explain superluminal particles.

• Higher-dimensional Theories: Neutrinos take "shortcuts" through hyperspace, as in some brane and string theories.
  • Can Neutrinos Probe Extra Dimensions? by Vladimir Ammosov and Guennadi Volkov [2000/08] Suggested that CERN measure neutrino velocity, and developed an higher-dimensional theory relating Majorana-type neutrinos to a new ternary symmetry. In the first decade of the century, Volkov and co-workers developed this theory extensively, and delivered a number of unpublished talks on the subject (e.g. Gran Sasso 2005/10, OPERA 2006/01).
    • Geometry of Majorana neutrino and new symmetries by Guennadi Volkov [Ann. Fond. L. de Broglie 31, 227 (2006)] Published version is longer.
    • The Possible Signals from the D=6 Space-Time by Guennadi Volkov [2011/12] Six-dimensional spacetime.
  • Price for Environmental Neutrino-Superluminality by Gia Dvali and Alexander Vikman [2011/09]
  • Superluminal neutrinos and extra dimensions: constraints from the null energy condition by Steven S. Gubser [2011/09] "It is hard to avoid violating the null energy condition somewhere in the extra dimensions."
  • Apparent faster than light propagation from light sterile neutrinos by Steen Hannestad and Martin S. Sloth [2011/09]
  • Neutrino Shortcuts in Spacetime by Argyris Nicolaidis [2011/09]
  • Sterile Neutrino Production Through a Matter Effect Enhancement at Long Baselines by Joseph Bramante [2011/10]
  • Superluminal neutrinos from Lorentz-violating dimension-5 operators by C. A. G. Almeida et al. [2011/11] Five-dimensional spacetime with a preferred time-direction.
  • Explaining How and Why the Muon Neutrinos Flow Faster Than the Speed of Light in the Opera Neutrino Experiment by Hamid Reza Karimi [2012/01]
  • A Confinement Potential for Leptons and Their Tunneling Effects into Extra-Dimensions by Akira Kokado and Takesi Saito [2012/03]
  • Causality of the Brane Universe - OPERA and ICARUS by Ragavachariar Parthasarathy [2012/03] Argues from causality AGAINST higher-dimensional superluminal motion.
  • Neutrinos and Extra World by D. S. Baranov and G. G. Volkov [2012/11]
    • Neutrino On The Possible New Time Structure by D. S. Baranov and G. G. Volkov [2013/02]

• Lorentz-invariance is violated. That is, the assumption of special relativity that all inertial reference-frames are equivalent is false. This is a prediction of many contemporary theories beyond the standard model. Note that not all superluminal theories violate Lorentz invariance; tachyons, for example, in principle seem allowed by special relativity. Conversely, Lorentz violation does not necessarily imply superluminal motion.

  The papers in this category are unsorted, and may well fall into other categories as well. The Coleman-Glashow, quantum-gravity, and string-theoretical versions of this idea have been given their own categories.

  • The speed of light and the speed of neutrinos by Leo Stodolsky [Physics Letters B 201, 353 (1988)] Neutrino velocity as a test of special relativity.
  • Cosmic Ray and Neutrino Tests of Special Relativity by Sidney Coleman and Sheldon L. Glashow [Physics Letters B 405, 249 (1997)]
  • Comments on Neutrino Tests of Special Relativity by Sheldon L. Glashow et al. [Physical Review D 56, 2433 (1997)]
  • Atmospheric Neutrino Tests of Neutrino Oscillation Mechanisms by R. Foot et al. [Physics Letters B 443, 185 (1998)] And of Lorentz violation. Based on Super-Kamiokande data.
  • On Exotic Solutions of the Atmospheric Neutrino Problem by Paolo Lipari and Maurizio Lusignoli [Physical Review D 60, 013003 (1999)]
  • Testing violations of special and general relativity through the energy dependence of muon-neutrino tau-neutrino oscillations in the Super-Kamiokande atmospheric neutrino experiment by G. L. Fogli et al. [Physical Review D 60, 053006 (1999)]
  • Non-standard Neutrino Properties by Maurizio Lusignoli [Nuclear Physics Proceedings, Suppl. 100, 250 (2001)]
  • T-violation in flavour oscillations as a test for relativity principles at a neutrino factory by Chung Ngoc Leung et al. [Physical Review D 67, 056005 (2003)]
  • Emergent Relativity: Neutrinos as Probe of the Underlying Theory by Frans R. Klinkhamer [2006/09]
  • GRB neutrinos, Lorenz Invariance Violation and the influence of background cosmology by Marek Biesiada and Aleksandra Piórkowska [J. Cosmol. & Astropart. Phys. 0705, 001 (2007)] Calculate time lags for Lorentz-violating high-energy neutrinos in different cosmological models.
  • Neutrino Oscillations: from Standard and Non-standard Viewpoints by Bo-Qiang Ma [2008/11]
  • Relative-Velocity-Dependent Weber-type Models in Electromagnetism by Santosh Devasia [Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 64, 327 (2009)] Weber's theory of electrodynamics, featuring a velocity-dependent potential, competed seriously with Maxwell's in the nineteenth century, and retains a few defenders even today. The speed of light is not necessarily constant if Weber's approach is correct. Other related papers may be found at Prof. Devasia's website.
  • Lorentz violation in three-family neutrino oscillation by Shimin Yang and Bo-Qiang Ma [International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, 5861 (2009)]
  • Neutrino Oscillations, Lorentz/CPT Violation, and Dark Energy by Shin'ichiro Ando et al. [Physical Review D 80, 123522 (2009)]
  • Possible cosmogenic neutrino constraints on Planck-scale Lorentz violation by David M. Mattingly et al. [J. Cosmol. & Astropart. Phys. 1002, 007 (2010)]
  • A quantum field model for tachyonic neutrinos with Lorentz symmetry breaking by Marek J. Radzikowski [2010/07]
  • A New Lorentz-Violating Model of Neutrino Oscillations by Kevin Labe [2010/07]
  • Lorentz and CPT violation in neutrino oscillations by Jorge S. Diaz [2010/07]
  • Lorentz violation in solar-neutrino oscillations by Jonah E. Bernhard [2010/07]
  • Search for a Lorentz-violating sidereal signal with atmospheric neutrinos in IceCube by R. Abbasi et al. [Physical Review D 82, 112003 (2010)]
  • Testing Lorentz Invariance with Neutrinos from Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions by Sean T. Scully and Floyd W. Stecker [Astroparticle Physics 34, 575 (2011)]
  • Three-parameter Lorentz-violating texture for neutrino mixing by Jorge S. Diaz and Alan Kostelecky [Physics Letters B 700, 25 (2011)]
  • Overview of Lorentz Violation in Neutrinos by Jorge S. Diaz [2011/08]
  • Superluminal neutrinos in long baseline experiments and SN1987a by Giacomo Cacciapaglia et al. [2011/09]
  • OPERA's superluminal muon-neutrino velocity and an FPS-type model of Lorentz violation by Frans R. Klinkhamer [2011/09]
  • Interpreting OPERA results on superluminal neutrino by Gian F. Giudice et al. [2011/09]
  • A comment on the OPERA result and CPT by Benjamin Koch [2011/09]
  • Superluminal neutrinos at the OPERA? by Robert B. Mann and Utpal Sarkar [2011/09]
  • On the Possibility of Superluminal Neutrino Propagation by Jean Alexandre et al. [2011/09]
  • Superluminal neutrino and spontaneous breaking of Lorentz invariance by F. R. Klinkhamer and G. E. Volovik [2011/09]
  • A Superluminal Effect with Oscillating Neutrinos by Eugene V. Stefanovich [2011/10] Argues that interacting particles (e.g. oscillating neutrinos) do not obey Lorentz invariance.
  • Violations of Lorentz invariance in the neutrino sector after OPERA by Luca Maccione et al. [2011/10]
  • Could the dynamical Lorentz symmetry breaking induce the superluminal neutrinos? by Shin'ichi Nojiri and Sergei D. Odintsov [2011/10]
  • Superluminal Neutrinos in the Minimal Standard Model Extension by Nan Qin and Bo-Qiang Ma [2011/10]
  • Lorentz violating kinematics: Threshold theorems by Valentina Baccetti et al. [2011/11]
  • Non-Standard Neutrino Propagation and Pion Decay by Massimo Mannarelli et al. [2011/12]
  • Inflationary Cosmology and Superluminal Neutrinos by C. A. G. Almeida et al. [2011/12] Argues that a distance-dependent Lorentz-violating "time-like background" can produce both superluminal neutrinos and inflatons (at high and low energies respectively).
  • A model of superluminal neutrinos by Danny Marfatia et al. [2011/12]
  • Neutrino processes with power law dispersion in the light of OPERA observations by Subhendra Mohanty and Soumya Rao [2011/12] Suggest a power-law correction to the dispersion relation going as at least sixth power of momentum.
  • Double Special Relativity with a minimum speed and the Uncertainty Principle by Cláudio Nassif C. [2011/12]
  • Neutrinos with Lorentz-violating operators of arbitrary dimension by Alan Kostelecky and Matthew Mewes [2011/12]
  • Spontaneously broken Lorentz invariance from the Higgs sector and superluminal neutrinos? by Frans R. Klinkhamer [2012/02]
  • Testing fundamental principles with high-energy cosmic rays by Luis Gonzalez-Mestres [2012/02]
  • New Chance for Researches on Lorentz Violation by Bo-Qiang Ma [2012/03]
  • Lorentz Invariance Violation and Generalized Uncertainty Principle by A. Tawfik et al. [2012/05]
  • High energy neutrino oscillation at the presence of the Lorentz Invariance Violation by Iman Motie and She-Sheng Xue [2012/06]
  • Testing Violations of Lorentz Invariance with Cosmic-Rays by Ramanath Cowsik et al. [2012/06]
  • Cosmological constraints on Lorentz invariance violation in the neutrino sector by Zong-Kuan Guo et al. [2012/06] "Our results show that there is no evidence for Lorentz invariant violation in the neutrino sector. "
  • Tests of Lorentz invariance: a 2013 update by Stefano Liberati [2013/04]
  • Lorentz and CPT violation in the Neutrino Sector by Jorge S. Diaz [2013/07]
  • Propagation of Superluminal PeV IceCube Neutrinos: A High Energy Spectral Cutoff or New Constraints on Lorentz Invariance Violation by Floyd W. Stecker and Sean T. Scully [2014/04]
  • Lorentz Invariance Violation and IceCube Neutrino Events by Gaurav Tomar et al. [2015/07]
  • Test of Lorentz Violation with Astrophysical Neutrino Flavor by Teppei Katori et al. [2016/06]
  • Neutrino oscillations and Lorentz invariance violation by S. A. Alavi and M. Dehghani Madise [2016/09]
  • Lorentz invariance violation in the neutrino sector: a joint analysis from big bang nucleosynthesis and the cosmic microwave background by Wei-Ming Dai et al. [European Physical Journal C 77, 386 (2017)] No evidence of any violation found.
  • Exploring the intrinsic Lorentz-violating parameters at DUNE by Gabriela Barenboim et al. [2018/05]
  • Limits on Neutrino Lorentz Violation from Multimessenger Observations of TXS 0506+056 by John Ellis et al. [2018/07] The authors say: "This improves on previous limits on linear Lorentz violation in neutrino propagation by many orders of magnitude, and the same is true for quadratic Lorentz violation."
  • Constraints on neutrino speed, weak equivalence principle violation, Lorentz invariance violation, and dual lensing from the first high-energy astrophysical neutrino source TXS 0506+056 by Ranjan Laha [2018/07]
  • Multimessenger Tests of Einstein's Weak Equivalence Principle and Lorentz Invariance with a High-Energy Neutrino from a Flaring Blazar by Jun-Jie Wei et al. [2018/07] Specifically, TXS 0506+056.
  • Lorentz violation from gamma-ray burst neutrinos by Yanqi Huang and Bo-Qiang Ma [Communications Physics 1, 62 (2018)] Find evidence for it in several observations of PeV neutrinos. Suggest neutrinos superluminal and antineutrinos subluminal.
    • Testing Lorentz invariance and CPT symmetry using gamma-ray burst neutrinos by Xinyi Zhang and Bo-Qiang Ma [2018/10] Use Huang's results to put limits on certain parameters of the standard model extension.
  • Tests of Lorentz Invariance at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory by the SNO Collaboration [2018/11] "No evidence for [certain types of violations] is observed."
  • Limiting superluminal neutrino velocity and Lorentz invariance violation by neutrino emission from the blazar TXS 0506+056 by K. Wang et al. [2020/09] Accepted by PRD.
  • Squeezing the parameter space for Lorentz violation in the neutrino sector by additional decay channels by U. D. Jentschura [2020/09] Particle 3, 630 (2020)
  • Neutrino oscillations and Lorentz-invariance violation by M. D. C. Torri [2021/10]
  • Investigation of the Lorentz-invariance violation in two-neutrino double-beta decay by S. A. Ghinescu et al. [2022/02]
  • Testing Lorentz invariance with neutrinos by F. W. Stecker [2022/02]
  • Cosmic neutrinos as a window to departures from special relativity by J. M. Camona et al. [2022/06]

• Lorentz-violating versions of quantum gravity:
  • Particle propagation and effective space-time in Gravity's Rainbow by Remo Garattini and Gianluca Mandanici [2011/09]
  • OPERA, SN1987a and energy dependence of superluminal neutrino velocity by N. D. Hari Dass [2011/10] Disfavoured by OPERA data.
  • Do high-energy neutrinos travel faster than photons in a discrete space-time? by She-Sheng Xue [2011/10]
  • Minimum Length - Maximum Velocity by Boris Panes [2011/12]
  • Testing Lorentz Invariance with neutrino burst from supernova neutronization by Sovan Chakraborty et al. [2012/11]

• Lorentz-violating versions of string theory:
  • Background Dependent Lorentz Violation from String Theory by Tianjun Li and Dimitri V. Nanopoulos [2011/10]
  • Background Dependent Lorentz Violation: Natural Solutions to the Theoretical Challenges of the OPERA Experiment by Tianjun Li and Dimitri V. Nanopoulos [2011/10]

• Magnetic monopoles couple to neutrinos:
  • Superluminal Neutrinos and Monopoles by Peng Wang et al. [2011/10]
  • The Mass Spectrum of Neutrinos by E. Capelas de Oliveira et al. [2011/10] Argue that neutrino is monopole-antimonopole pair.

• Maximum Velocity, Not Speed of Light, is Limiting: Special relativity requires a maximum velocity, but doesn't tell us what it is. The traditional assumption that this velocity is the speed of light may be mistaken; perhaps it's really the speed of neutrinos, or of something else even faster. (This is a very old idea, although not all of the authors below seem to realise this.)
  • The speed of light and the speed of neutrinos by Leo Stodolsky [Physics Letters B 201, 353 (1988)] Neutrino velocity as a test of special relativity.
  • Cosmic Ray and Neutrino Tests of Special Relativity by Sidney Coleman and Sheldon L. Glashow [Physics Letters B 405, 249 (1997)]
  • Special Theory of Super Relativity and a Possibility to Exceed the Speed of Light by V. I. Klyukhin [2011/09]
  • Superluminal Neutrinos without Revolution by Susan Gardner [2011/09]
  • If the Speed of Light is not an Universal Constant According to the Theory of Reference Frames: on the Physical Nature of Neutrino by Daniele Sasso [2011/10]
  • Analysis OPERA superluminal muonic neutrino experiment by Xiang-Yao Wu et al. [2011/10]
  • A Resolution to Cherenkov-like Radiation of OPERA Neutrinos by Ichiro Oda and Hajime Taira [2011/10] Earth is immersed in a dark medium, so we don't know the true vacuum light-speed.
  • Explanation of Apparent Superluminal Neutrino Velocity in the Cern-Opera Experiment by Tim Joslin [2011/11] Argues CMB frame is preferred.
  • Expanding Relative Theory to Including Supper-C-Neutrino by Sheng-Ping Wu [2011/11]
  • The speed of gravitational wave: could larger than the speed of light by Xin Li and Zhe Chang [2011/11]
  • An Interpretation of "Superluminal Neutrino" Compatible with Relativity in the Framework of Standard Model by Noboru Nakanishi [2011/11]
  • Superluminal sterile neutrino in four spacetime dimensions by Frans R. Klinkhamer [2011/11]
  • Reduced Photon Velocities in Agreement with the OPERA Neutrino Experiment by James D. Franson [2011/11] Proposes that gravity slows light but not neutrinos.
  • Subluminal OPERA Neutrinos by Ichiro Oda [2011/12]
  • The Velocity of Neutrinos by Fran De Aquino [2012/01] Argues that tachyons (including neutrinos) have a maximum speed of their own.
  • Neutrinos with velocities greater than c ? by Joseph Schechter and M. Naeem Shahid [2012/01] Suggest that the usual value of c should be interpreted as the velocity of light in dark matter.
  • Extended Lorentz code of a superluminal particle by Gagik Ter-Kazarian [2012/02]
  • Spontaneously broken Lorentz invariance from the Higgs sector and superluminal neutrinos? by Frans R. Klinkhamer [2012/02]
  • Why Photons Are Not Slow by Jean-Marie Frere et al. [2012/02] Discusses constraints from experiments of Michelson-Morley type.
  • Special relativity with an arbitrary limiting velocity of particle by A. S. Parvan [2012/02]
  • More than one ultimate speed and superluminal neutrinos by Jong-Phil Lee [2012/03]
  • Velocity of Light in Dark Matter with Charge by Ichiro Oda [2012/04]

• Multiple Time-Dimensions: Higher-dimensional extensions of relativity with more than one time have traditionally been criticised for allowing superluminal motion (as measured by observers aware of only one time axis). Perhaps this is not such a bad thing after all.
  • A New Dark Energy Force Theoretically Calculates Faster-Than-Light-Neutrinos by Dan Visser [2011/10] Uses a three-time "double-torus" spacetime model.
    • Higgs-Limited Boson Surface (Higgs-LBS) is a Mass-Surface by Dan Visser [2011/12]
  • Extra Time Like Dimensions, Superluminal Motion, and Dark Matter by Matej Pavšič [2011/10]
  • The Possible Signals from the D=6 Space-Time by G. Volkov [2011/12] Six-dimensional spacetime.

• Muon Neutrino is not in a velocity eigenstate: Instead, it oscillates between different velocities, some of which may be superluminal.
  • Oscillations of Neutrino Velocity by Branislav Sazdović and Milovan Vasilić [2012/10] "The velocity of a freely moving neutrino is demonstrated to periodically exceed the speed of light. Unfortunately, the superluminal effect turns out to be too small to be experimentally detected."

• Mysterious Forces: Meaning the effects of unknown (usually scalar) fields, dark matter, dark energy, the Fifth Force, etc. This category will eventually broken up into more meaningful subgroups if it continues to grow.
  • Neutrino Oscillations, Lorentz/CPT Violation, and Dark Energy by Shin'ichiro Ando et al. [Physical Review D 80, 123522 (2009)]
  • Price for Environmental Neutrino-Superluminality by Gia Dvali and Alexander Vikman [2011/09]
    • Environmental fifth-force hypothesis for the OPERA superluminal neutrino phenomenology: constraints from orbital motions around the Earth by Lorenzo Iorio [2011/09]
  • Is OPERA Neutrino Superluminal Propagation similar to Gain-Assisted Superluminal Light Propagation by Vladan Pankovic [2011/09] Analogy with modern optics; neutrinos are not really superluminal, but a new force is required to produce the effect.
  • Relativistic Superluminal Neutrinos by Alex Kehagias [2011/09]
  • Superluminal Neutrinos without Revolution by Susan Gardner [2011/09] Dark energy couples with light to slow it down, so the true causal velocity is not (measured) light-speed.
  • OPERA and a Neutrino Dark Energy Model by Emilio Ciuffoli et al. [2011/09]
  • A New Dark Energy Force Theoretically Calculates Faster-Than-Light-Neutrinos by Dan Visser [2011/10]
  • Superluminal neutrinos by Jerrold Franklin [2011/10] Solves the Dirac equation in presence of an imaginary potential and finds superluminal solutions.
    • Comment by Jacques Goldberg [2011/10] Merely suggests that an antineutrino beam would behave differently to a neutrino beam in matter, and that this could test Franklin's idea.
  • Superluminal Neutrinos from Gauge Field by Ichiro Oda and Hajime Taira [2011/10]
  • Dark Medium Modified Dispersion Relations by Isabella Masina and Francesco Sannino [2011/10]
  • Interpretation of the supraluminous neutrinos by a theory of ether by Thierry Delort [2011/10]
  • Superluminal Neutrinos in a Pseudoscalar Potential by Sarira Sahu and Bing Zhang [2011/10]
  • A Resolution to Cherenkov-like Radiation of OPERA Neutrinos by Ichiro Oda and Hajime Taira [2011/10] Earth is immersed in a dark medium, so we don't know the true vacuum light-speed.
  • Can be OPERA neutrino as tachyonic chameleon? by Chao-Jun Feng et al. [2011/10] A "chameleon" is an hypothetical scalar field which acquires mass around other masses (a dark matter/energy candidate proposed by Khoury and Weltman in 2003).
    • Neutrino Velocity and the Variability of Fundamental Constants by Victor Flambaum, Maxim Pospelov [2012/06]
  • Explain the Phenomenon of Neutrino Superluminal by Ji Qi et al. [2011/11] Suggest some kind of local medium, offering as additional evidence anomalous Foucault-pendulum data, etc.
  • Challenges Confronting Superluminal Neutrino Models by Jarah Evslin [2011/10] A dark-energy model is discussed.
  • An Interpretation of "Superluminal Neutrino" Compatible with Relativity in the Framework of Standard Model by Noboru Nakanishi [2011/11] Dark matter.
  • Multiple Lorentz groups -- a toy model for superluminal OPERA neutrinos by Marco Schreck [2011/11] Proposes a new superluminal, massless gauge-boson coupling to the neutrino only.
  • Higgs-Limited Boson Surface (Higgs-LBS) is a Mass-Surface by Dan Visser [2011/12]
  • Neutrinos with velocities greater than c ? by Joseph Schechter and M. Naeem Shahid [2012/01] Suggest that the usual value of c should be interpreted as the velocity of light in dark matter.
  • Théorie de L'ether-Théorie Quantique Des Variables Absolues by Thierry Delort [2012/02]
  • Spontaneously broken Lorentz invariance from the Higgs sector and superluminal neutrinos? by Frans R. Klinkhamer [2012/02]
  • Lorentz Invariance Violation in Modified Gravity by Philippe Brax [2012/02] Modified by chameleons.
  • Velocity of Light in Dark Matter with Charge by Ichiro Oda [2012/04]

• Neutrinos interact with themselves:
  • Superluminal self-interacting neutrino by Ernst Trojan [2012/01]

• Neutrinos move faster in matter: Unlike photons. The reason for proposing this is that supernova neutrinos (moving in empty space) have been observed to be subluminal, while the CNGS beam travelled underground. However, most models of neutrino oscillations assume neutrinos are slower in matter, so this proposal would require major revisions of standard theory quite apart from superluminal behaviour.
  • Probing Superluminal Neutrinos Via Refraction by Albert Stebbins [2011/10]
  • The Price of Neutrino Superluminality continues to rise by Arthur Hebecker and Alexander Knochel [2011/11] Argues that "all types of particles are superluminal inside matter ... [however] dense matter does not directly trigger superluminality, but merely induces the transition to a different phase of some weakly coupled hidden sector. "
  • Neutrinos Faster Than Light Speed by Stein Sivertsen [2011/10] Argues from a unified field theory that speed of light in earth is greater than in vacuum.
  • Production of Tachyonic Neutrino in Matter by L. Nanni [2020/02] Suggests that subluminal neutrinos in matter can somehow tunnel into a supeluminal state.

• Neutrinos and photons are states of a single particle: Possibly this idea is related to the old "neutrino theory of light": since both were (in middle twentieth-century physics) massless, maybe the spin-one photon is a superposition of spin-half neutrinos.
  • Photon-Neutrino Symmetry and the Opera Anomaly by Ervin Goldfain [2011/11] Suggests that photon and neutrino are doublet.

• New flavours of neutrinos:
  • Superluminal Dark Neutrinos by Irina Ya. Aref'eva and Igor V. Volovich [2011/10] Postulates a new kind of neutrino to avoid Bremsstrahlung problem.
  • Hidden Dimensions Can Explain "Superluminal" Neutrinos, and the Origin of Fermionic Mass by Ray B. Munroe, Jr. and Jonathan J. Dickau [Prespacetime Journal 2, 1798 (2011)] Tachyonic flavour.
  • Model of Superluminal Oscillating Neutrinos by Eugene V. Stefanovich [2012/01] Postulates a fourth flavour.

• New versions of quantum mechanics:
  • Superluminal Neutrinos and a Curious Phenomenon in the Relativistic Quantum Hamilton-Jacobi Equation by Marco Matone [2011/09]
    • OPERA data and The Equivalence Postulate of Quantum Mechanics by Alon E. Faraggi [2011/10] Argues that quantum Hamilton-Jacobi Equation leads to deviations from the classical energy--momentum relation, but does not necessarily lead to superluminal speeds.
    • OPERA Superluminal Neutrinos per Quantum Trajectories by Edward R. Floyd [2011/12]
  • On superluminal fermions within the second derivative equation by S. I. Kruglov [2012/01] Proposes a new wave-equation for fermions.

• New versions of "special relativity" without Lorentz invariance. There is probably a better way to describe this, but I haven't thought of one.
  • Perfect Structure of the Special Relativity, Superluminal, Neutrino-Photon Mass and New Entangled Interaction by Yi-Fang Chang [2007/08] Proposes a generalisation of the Lorentz transformation, among many other things.
  • Lorentz Invariance Violation Matrix from a General Principle by Zhou Lingli and Bo-Qiang Ma [2011/09]
    • Neutrino speed anomaly as a signal of Lorentz violation by Zhou Lingli and Bo-Qiang Ma [2011/09]
    • New theory of Lorentz violation from a general principle by Zhou Lingli and Bo-Qiang Ma [2011/09]
    • The Phantom of the OPERA: Superluminal Neutrinos by Bo-Qiang Ma [2011/11]
  • A Modified Special Relativity Theory in the Light of Breaking the Speed of Light by Azzam AlMosallami [2011/11]
    • Opera, Icarus and Sn1987a Interpretations According to the Modified Special Relativity Theory by Azzam AlMosallami [2011/12]
  • Opera's neutrinos and the Robertson test theory of the Lorentz transformations by Jose G. Vargas [2011/11]
  • Superluminal Neutrinos from Special Relativity with de Sitter Space-time Symmetry by Mu-Lin Yan et al. [2011/11]
  • Multiple Lorentz groups -- a toy model for superluminal OPERA neutrinos by Marco Schreck [2011/11]
  • Hyper-relativistic mechanics and superluminal particles by Yu. I. Bogdanov and A. Yu. Bogdanov [2012/01]
  • Extended Lorentz code of a superluminal particle by Gagik Ter-Kazarian [2012/02]
  • Neutrino Oscillations and Short Transit Times by L. P. Horwitz and Igal Aharonovich [2012/03] Uses a version of relativistic mechanics formulated by Stueckelberg in the 1940s.

• Non-Inertial Motion Effects:
  • OPERA neutrinos and superluminal helical motion by E. Canessa [2011/10] Relativistic particle moving on a circular path can allegedly somehow exceed speed of light.

• Phase Space is Lorentz Invariant: As suggested long ago by Max Born. The implication here is that subspaces of phase space, e.g. Minkowksi space, need not obey special relativity so long as the whole phase space does.
  • On Superluminal Particles and the Extended Relativity Theories by Carlos Castro [2011/10]

• Quantum Field Theory:
  • Possible Explanation for Speed of Neutrinos, Faster Than Light by Janko Kokosar [2011/09] Scharnhorst effect. Few details given.
  • Probing neutrino masses with neutrino-speed experiments by Dharam V. Ahluwalia et al. [2011/10] A particle can move off-shell within its Compton wavelength. Neutrinos are almost massless, so their Compton wavelengths are huge.
  • Off-shell OPERA neutrinos by Tim R. Morris [2011/10] Agrees that the Standard Model allows superluminal propagation if one of the neutrino mass-eigenstates is very small. However, finds this effect is not enough to explain the OPERA results.
  • Space-Like Motions of Quantum Zero Mass Neutrinos by Allan Widom et al. [2011/11] Perhaps neutrinos in matter are virtual particles.
  • Superluminal Neutrinos in Matter and Causality by B. D. O. Adams [2012/02] Argues from QED that electromagnetic fields in matter will modify speed of light to permit superluminal particles, but that induction will prevent closed timelike loops.

• Spacetime Metric is Finslerian: In a Finsler space, the metric depends on the differentials of the coordinates as well as the coordinates themselves. The Riemannian spacetime of general relativity is a special case of Finsler space.
  • Beyond the speed of light on Finsler spacetimes by Christian Pfeifer and Mattias N. R. Wohlfarth [2011/09]
  • Super-Luminal Effects for Finsler Branes as a Way to Preserve the Paradigm of Relativity Theories by Sergiu I. Vacaru [2011/10]
  • On Superluminal Particles and the Extended Relativity Theories by Carlos Castro [2011/10] Considers Finsler case as limit of his polyvector theory.
  • OPERA superluminal neutrinos and Kinematics in Finsler spacetime by Zhe Chang et al. [2011/10]
  • The speed of gravitational wave: could larger than the speed of light by Xin Li and Zhe Chang [2011/11] In a Finsler space.
  • Principle action for particles faster than light by Juan M. Romero et al. [2011/12]
  • Symmetry, causal structure and superluminality in Finsler spacetime by Zhe Chang et al. [2012/01]
  • Classical Lagrangians for Momentum Dependent Lorentz Violation by Don Colladay and Patrick McDonald [2012/01]
  • Neutrino superluminality without Cherenkov-like processes in Finslerian special relativity by Zhe Chang et al. [Physics Letters B, 430 (2012)]
  • Neutrino Oscillations and Lorentz Invariance Violation in a Finslerian Geometrical Model by Vito Antonelli et al. [2018/03]

• Spacetime Metric is Mass Dependent:
  • Mass-dependent Lorentz Violation and Neutrino Velocity by Miao Li and Tower Wang [2011/09]

• Spacetime Metric is Different for Different Particles:
  • Bimetric Relativity and the Opera Neutrino Experiment by John W. Moffat [2011/10]
  • Superluminal motion and Lorentzian symmetry breaking and repairing in two-metric theories by Mikhail G. Ivanov [2011/10]
  • Did Dark Gravity Theories Predict Opera Superluminal Neutrinos? by Frédéric Henry-Couannier [2011/10] Neutrinos oscillate between two conjugate metrics.

• Spacetime Metric has Some Other Novel Property:
  • Very High Energy Considerations by Burra G. Sidharth [2011/10] Fourth-order terms in first fundamental form.
  • On Superluminal Particles and the Extended Relativity Theories by Carlos Castro [2011/10] Suggests relativity applies to the space generated by the full Clifford algebra, of which Minkowski space is only a subset. "Tachyons" in Minkowski space may be bradyons in the "C-space". Applies this idea to OPERA data, obtaining numerical results.
  • Are Neutrinos Superluminal? by Matti Pitkänen [2011/11] Spacetime is many-sheeted.
  • Metric fluctuations, solution to the superluminal neutrino problem? by Emilio Santos [2012/01] Spacetime metric is randomly fluctuating.
  • A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Faster-Than-Light Neutrinos by Eric Sakk and Aradhya P. Kumar [2012/02] Argue that, at small scales, spacetime has a Kerr-type metric, and path-lengths are therefore shorter than a large-scale observer expects.
  • High energy neutrino oscillation at the presence of the Lorentz Invariance Violation by Iman Motie and She-Sheng Xue [2012/06] Spacetime is discrete.

• Spacetime is Non-Differentiable:
  • On Lorentzian causality with continuous metrics by Piotr T. Chruściel and James D. E. Grant [2011/11] Not a neutrino paper, but interesting.
  • Principle action for particles faster than light by Juan M. Romero et al. [2011/12]
  • What if Superluminal Neutrinos Exist but not Higgs Bosons? by Burra G. Sidharth [2012/01] Argues that spacetime is both non-differentiable and non-commutative.

• Spacetime has Torsion:
  • Does the Superluminal Neutrino Uncover Torsion? by M. B. Altaie [2011/11]

• Special Relativity has been misinterpreted:
  • Special Relativity is Theorem Based and Some Suggestions About Opera Experiment by Hamid Bassera [2011/11]

• Special Relativity is simply wrong: Although this interpretation of the OPERA results has been widespread in the press, it is rare among physicists. As of this writing, few papers considering this possibility in its most obvious form and dealing specifically with neutrinos seem to have appeared on the un-refereed e-print archives. This is surprising, since anti-relativity papers turn up on arXiv occasionally and on viXra constantly.
  • Inertial frames without the relativity principle by Valentina Baccetti et al. [2011/12]
  • Results of Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiments Based on the Consideration of Frameworks by Md. Farid Ahmed [2012/02] Argues that Galilean relativity explains results.

• Speed of Light is Different at Diffent Scales:
  • Another Cern Solution by Paul Karl Hoiland [2011/11]

• Speed of Light is Time-Dependent:... and faster than it was recently.
  • Do the Observations of Superluminal Neutrinos Lead to the Model Where Light Speed Increases Over Time? by Mark Zilberman [2011/11]

• Spin-Gravity Interaction:
  • Can Mathisson-Papapetrou equations give clue to some problems in astrophysics? by Roman Plyatsko [2011/10] The Mathisson-Papapetrou Equations are one possible generalisation of the Dirac equation in the presence of gravity.

• Standard Model Allows Off-Shell Particles:
  • Off-shell OPERA neutrinos by Tim R. Morris [2011/10] Argues that the Standard Model allows superluminal propagation if one of the neutrino mass-eigenstates is very small. However, finds this effect is not enough to explain the OPERA results.

• Superbradyon Mixing: Not sure what it means, so I can't classify it.
  • Comments on the recent result of the "Measurement of the neutrino velocity with the OPERA detector in the CNGS beam" by Luis Gonzalez-Mestres [2011/09]

• Superluminal Solutions of Wave Equation: Many of the differential equations of mathematical physics have exotic solutions which are usually discarded as unphysical. Perhaps they should not be.
  • Dirac equation for superluminal neutrinos and mass matrix by Chang-Yu Zhu et al. [2011/10]
  • Superluminal Neutrinos from OPERA Experiment and Weyl Equation by E. Capelas de Oliveira et al. [2011/10] The Weyl Equation is the massless Dirac Equation.
    • The Mass Spectrum of Neutrinos by E. Capelas de Oliveira et al. [2011/10] Calculated from the theory in the paper above. Neutrino is a monopole-antimonopole pair.
  • Can Mathisson-Papapetrou equations give clue to some problems in astrophysics? by Roman Plyatsko [2011/10] The Mathisson-Papapetrou Equations are one possible generalisation of the Dirac equation in the presence of gravity.
  • Symmetries of the Tachyonic Dirac Equation by U. D. Jentschura and B. J. Wundt [2011/10] Claim to find real-energy solutions to their proposed tachyonic generalisation of the Dirac equation which approximate solutions of the ordinary Weyl equation and could thus be considered neutrinos.
  • On superluminal fermions within the second derivative equation by S. I. Kruglov [2012/01] Proposes a new wave-equation for fermions.
  • Dirac Equation with Imaginary Mass and Helicity-Dependence by Ulrich D. Jentschura [2012/01] Distinguishes between Dirac equation with imaginary mass and with imaginary unit matrix.
  • Quantization makes Relativity Compatible with Superluminal Phenomena by Qi-Ren Zhang [2012/02] Considers superluminal motion due to diffusion in Klein-Gordon wavepackets. The effect is very small, however, so negative result at OPERA not surprising.

• Tachyons: Special relativity forbids slower-than-light particles ("bradyons") from accelerating across the light barrier. Perhaps it does not exclude particles ("tachyons") which always move faster than light. Tachyons do not break Lorentz invariance, but they have other disturbing properties, such as imaginary mass and infinite self-acceleration; also (as everyone in the media likes to point out) they "move backwards in time", at least in some reference frames.
  • Supersymmetric tachyons by Li Xinzhou and Lu Jizong [Journal of Physics A 20, 6113 (1987)] Superluminal neutrinos mentioned only because their existence would have implications for photino mass.
  • Tritium Decay and the Hypothesis of Tachyonic Neutrinos by Jacek Ciborowski and Jakub Rembielinski [Eur. Phys. J. C8, 157 (1999)] Proposes that tachyonic neutrinos are best way to explain observed excess of counts near the endpoint of the electron energy spectrum in tritium decay.
  • OPERA-reassessing data on the energy dependence of the speed of neutrinos by Giovanni Amelino-Camelia et al. [2011/09] Tachyons disfavoured.
  • Apparent Lorentz violation with superluminal Majorana neutrinos at OPERA? by F. Tamburini and M. Laveder [2011/09] Argue that neutrino mass is a complex number.
  • Comments on the recent velocity measurement of the muon neutrinos by the OPERA Collaboration by Jacek Ciborowski and Jakub Rembielinski [2011/09] Pro-tachyon.
  • On the report of discovery of superluminal neutrinos by Moses Fayngold [2011/09] Pro-tachyon.
  • The Hypothesis of Superluminal Neutrinos: comparing OPERA with other Data by Alessandro Drago et al. [2011/09] Tachyons disfavoured.
  • Neutrino oscillations and superluminal propagation by Joao Magueijo [2011/09] Mixing effects with at least one superluminal flavour.
  • The 2d Gross-Neveu Model for Pseudovector Fermions and Tachyonic Mass Generation by Vasilis K. Oikonomou [2011/09]
  • Superluminal neutrinos and the tachyon's stability in the rotating Universe by R. A. Konoplya [2011/09]
  • On the Possibility of Superluminal Neutrino Propagation by Jean Alexandre et al. [2011/09] Tachyons disfavoured.
  • Dirac equation for superluminal neutrinos and mass matrix by Chang-Yu Zhu et al. [2011/10]
  • Stability of the scalar and neutrino tachyons in the rotating and expanding Universe by R. A. Konoplya and A. Zhidenko [2011/10]
  • Symmetries of the Tachyonic Dirac Equation by U. D. Jentschura and B. J. Wundt [2011/10] Claim to find real-energy solutions which approximate solutions of the Weyl equation and could thus be considered neutrinos.
  • Can be OPERA neutrino as tachyonic chameleon? by Chao-Jun Feng et al. [2011/10] A "chameleon" is an hypothetical scalar field which acquires mass around other masses (a dark matter/energy candidate proposed by Khoury and Weltman in 2003).
  • Tachyonic Majorana neutrinos or neutrino spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion in OPERA by M. Laveder and F. Tamburini [2011/11] Repeat their earlier contention that neutrinos in matter acquire a complex effective-mass, and suggest L-to-S conversion as one of several possible mechanisms to explain this.
  • Real and complex random neutrino mass matrices and theta13 by Janusz Gluza and Robert Szafron [2011/11] Not really a tachyon paper, but related.
  • The electroweak theory with a priori superluminal neutrinos and its physical consequences by C. A. Dartora and G. G. Cabrera [2011/12]
  • Hidden Dimensions Can Explain "Superluminal" Neutrinos, and the Origin of Fermionic Mass by Ray B. Munroe, Jr. and Jonathan J. Dickau [Prespacetime Journal 2, 1798 (2011)]
  • The Velocity of Neutrinos by Fran De Aquino [2012/01]
  • Cosmological bounds on tachyonic neutrinos by P. C. W. Davies and Ian G. Moss [2012/01] Against tachyons as OPERA explanation.
  • Dirac Equation with Imaginary Mass and Helicity-Dependence by Ulrich D. Jentschura [2012/01] Distinguishes between Dirac equation with imaginary mass and with imaginary unit matrix.
  • Interacting tachyon Fermi gas by Ernst Trojan [2012/03]
  • The superluminal neutrino hypothesis by Robert Ehrlich [2012/04] "Five observations suggesting [neutrino is] a tachyon: (1) Experiments measuring neutrino speed, (2) Mass eigenstates of SN 1987A neutrinos, (3) m2 values of flavor eigenstates, (4) The shape of the high energy cosmic ray spectrum, and (5) Neutral hadrons in the cosmic rays from Cygnus X-3."
  • Dirac tachyons and antitachyons in many-particle system by Ernst Trojan [2012/04]
  • Tachyonic Field Theory and Neutrino Mass Running by Ulrich D. Jentschura [2012/05]
  • Superluminal Spin-1/2 Particles are Left-Handed: From the Gordon Decomposition to the Suppression of Right-Handed States by Ulrich D. Jentschura and B. J. Wundt [2012/05]
  • Inverted Dynamics by Giorgio Capezzali [Physics Essays 29, 27 (2016)] Proposes an unconventional empirical momentum formula for tachyons on the basis of the OPERA results and other experimental data. Also (Appendix C) argues that the time measurements of the original OPERA experiment were not seriously flawed.
  • Tachyon Dynamics -- for Neutrinos? by Charles Schwartz [2017/10] Suggests neutrino and antineutrino background responsible for Dark Matter and Dark Energy.
  • Why one neutrino is probably a tachyon: a review of the 3+3 model and its well-satisfied predictions by Robert Ehrlich [2017/11]
  • Neutrino Pair Cerenkov Radiation for Tachyonic Neutrinos by Ulrich D. Jentschura and Istvan Nandori [2017/11]
  • Algebraic and geometric questions about FTL physics by E. Bonacci [2019/05]
  • A consistent theory of tachyons with interesting physics for neutrinos by C. Schwartz [2022/05]
  • Tachyons as a consequence of light-cone reflection symmetry by A. Chodos [2022/09]
  • Tachyon interactions by C. Schwartz [2022/09]

• Time is imaginary: or can at least be treated as such by a Wick rotation.
  • New physics for superluminal particles by Salah Hamieh [2011/12]

• Topological defects: For example, a domain wall between two kinds of space with different light-speeds.
  • Superluminal neutrinos and domain walls by Peng Wang et al. [2011/09]
  • Can the Natario Warp Drive Explain the Opera Superluminal Neutrino at Cern?? by Fernando Loup [2011/10] Perhaps spacetime contains bubbles (due to some ancient phase-transition) in which the metric is different -- say a warp-type metric.
    • How the 17 Gev Opera Superluminal Neutrino from Cern Arrived at Gran Sasso Without Desintegration?? by Fernando Loup [2011/11] Continuing same theme.
    • How to Generate a Warp Drive by Paul Karl Hoiland [2011/12] The author says this is a follow-up to Loup's paper.
  • Another Alternative to Superluminal Propulsion by Paul Karl Hoiland [2011/11] Proposes spacetime contains both locally Minkowskian and locally Euclidean domains.

• Universe is rotating:
  • Superluminal neutrino speeds from SN 1987A and from OPERA experiment do agree very well by Heribert Genreith [2011/12]

THE NET ADVANCE OF PHYSICS --- Superluminal Neutrinos