-Travels through 6280 km
            -Drains ~40% of South America continent
            -Discharges over 1.5 trillian L daily into Atlantic Ocean
            -Affected by "larger phenomena"
                        -El Nino:  floodplain flood and discharge because of less precipitation   9.
            -Seasons
                        -November-June:  as much as 3 meters of water of rainfall
                        -Some areas of river grow to 480 km across
                        -Areas submersed for up to 6 months    9.
            -Important streams of the Amazon region clearly present a huge seasonal variation of discharges. Ratios between the long term mean values of flowrates for the wettest and driest month reach values of 20 in this region while such ratios are only about 3 for rivers such as the Paraná and the Såo Francisco. 14.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology                               Contact:  lacooney@mit.edu

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Research Bibliography

1.      Palaeoceanography  Environmental Change Research Centre

2.      Land Surface Hydrology and Water Chemistry The Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA)

3.     The source of the Amazon River was just recently discovered. Why did it take so long?  National Geographic Society

4.     Tropical Deforestation Fact Sheet   NASA Earth Observatory

5.     Effects of Deforestation

6.     Amazonia - Resiliency and Dynamism of the Land and its People  Nigel J.H. Smith, Emanuel Adilson S. Serrão, Paulo T. Alvim, and Italo C. Falesi,  United Nations University

7.    Solving the Amazon?s climate riddle  By Ginger Pinholster, SCIENCE

8.    Fish in the Trees   by Rachel Hauser, NASA Earth Observatory

9.    River Seasons  by Laura Cheshire, NASA Earth Observatory

10.  http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/gsfc/educ/science/2001/01-04-01.htm

11.  Amazon Deconstruction:  Cause and Effect    camille, charlie, hsing hsing, maya, pete, University of Washington

12.  "Applications of Hillslope Process Hydrology in Forest Land Management Issues:  The Tropical North-East Australian Experience", Mike Bonell

13.  Dictionary of Geography, Oxford University Press

14.  "WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT FOR ENERGY GENERATION PURPOSES IN STREAMS PRESENTING STRONG SEASONAL FLOW VARIATIONS - PLANNING ASPECTS",
                    Bela Petry & Doron Grull
 
 

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology                               Contact:  lacooney@mit.edu