The Dome of the Rock (Qubbat al-Sakhra): The first consciously-monumental Islamic structure is a martyrium built in Jerusalem (692) by 'Abd al-Malik to commemorate the sanctity of the site and the city in general.

Aerial view of the Dome of the Rock in the middle of the Haram al-Sharif.     The Dome of the Rock, 692.     View of the interior of the Dome of the Rock, showing the inner ambulatory arcade.     An example of the mosaics of the Dome of the Rock.     The excavation of the late 1960's showing the ruins of the government complex south and west of the Haram platform.