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GRADUATE SEMINAR
2002
MIT
STS.467: Research Seminar on Deep Sea Archaeology
Wed. 7-10 pm, Building E51,
room 165
Professors David Mindell &
Aaron Brody
office: Mindell--E51-194 •
Brody--E38-308
office hours: Mindell- Wednesdays,
3-5 • Brody--Tuesdays & Thursdays 1:30-3:00, drop-in, or by appointment
tel: Mindell 253-0221 • Brody
253-3496
e-mail: mindell@mit.edu • ajbrody@mit.edu
Goals: Examines the
intellectual foundations of archaeology in the deep sea. Explores the
current convergence of oceanography, archaeology, and engineering which
allows scientists to discover, survey, and excavate shipwrecks in deep
water with robots and submarines. How best do we employ new devices for
archaeological work? How do new capabilities (e.g. higher frequencies,
higher resolution, all digital data output) change operations plans and
research designs? What new technologies will be required? Area studies
will focus on the Aegean in Minoan times and western Sicily during Phoenician,
Greek, and Roman hegemony.
Requirements: several
presentations (number to be determined by class enrollment); presentations
will entail the assignment of one article ahead of time for class reading,
a 3-4 page written argument submitted to the class by e-mail 24 hours
in advance of the presentation, 1 page of annotated bibliography, and
a 15-20 minute oral presentation to the class.
Textbook: Delgado,
James P. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Underwater and Maritime Archaeology.
Yale University Press, 1997.
Lecture Syllabus
and Reading Assignments
February 6
Introduction: Technology,
Archaeology, and the Deep Sea
February 13
Marine and nautical archaeology:
method and theory
Keith Muckelroy, Maritime
Archaeology, Chapters 1-2, Chapter 6
Patty Jo Watson, "Method
and Theory in Shipwreck Archaeology"
Encyclopedia: "Maritime
Archaeology," "Underwater Archaeology," "Nautical
Archaeology," Mary Rose," "Institute of Nautical Archaeology,"
"Trilateration," "Baseline Trilateration," "Direct
Survey Method," "Airlift," "Positioning Systems,"
"Shipwreck Anthropology," "Site Formation processes,"
"Cultural context," "Deep water sites," "Excavation"
February 20
Deep ocean robotics: vehicles,
sensors and modeling
Robert D. Ballard, "The
MEDEA/JASON remotely operated vehicle system."
L. Whitcomb, D. Yoerger,
H. Singh, and D. Mindell, "Toward
Precision Robotic Maneuvering, Survey, and Manipulation in Unstructured
Undersea Environments"
D.A. Mindell and B. Bingham,
"A High-frequency, Narrow-beam Sub-bottom Profiler for Archaeological
Applications."
H. Singh, J. Adams, D. Mindell,
and B.P. Foley, "Imaging Underwater for Archaeology."
Encyclopedia: "Submersibles"
"Sonic High Accuracy Ranging and Positioning," "Photomosaic,"
"Remote Sensing," "Video Sensing" "Sub-bottom
profiler," "Hamilton and Scourge"
February 27
Seafaring and the Ancient
Mediterranean, Overview
John Pryor, Chapter 1, "The
sea," in Geography, Technology, and War: Studies in the Maritime
History of the Mediterranean 649-1571.
Ferdnand Braudel, vol.1,
part II "The Heart of the Mediterranean: Seas and Coasts,"
pp. 103-167, part IV "The Mediterranean as a Physical Unit: Climate
and History," pp. 231-275, in The Mediterranean.
Yehuda Karmon, "Geographical
Components in the Study of Ancient Mediterranean Ports," in Avner
Raban (ed.), Harbour Archaeology.
Encyclopedia: "Mediterranean
Sea," "Israel," "Greece," "Italy,"
"Archaeological Record," "Archaeology," "Ceramic
Studies," "Contextual Relationships," "Shipboard
Society."
March 6
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
James Bellingham, "New
Oceanographic Uses of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles."
D.A. Mindell and B. Bingham,
"New Archaeological Uses of Autonomous Undersea Vehicles."
March 13
Trade in the Bronze Age
– Eastern Mediterranean
Sherratt, A. & Sherratt,
S. "From Luxuries to Commodities: The Nature of Mediterranean Bronze
Age Trading Systems." in Bronze Age Trade in the Mediterranean,
ed. Noah Gale (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 90).
Daniel Potts, "Distant
Shores: Ancient Near Eastern Trade with South Asia and Northeast Africa,"
in vol. III Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, ed. Jack
Sasson.
Cemal Pulak, "The Uluburun
Shipwreck: an Overview."
Lucy Blue, "Cyprus and
Cilicia: The Typology and Palaeogeography of Second Millennium Harbors,"
in Res Maritimae, ed. Stuart Swiny, et al.
Ezra Marcus, "By Land
or by Sea in the Southeastern Mediterranean," in Maritime Trade
in the Southern Levant from Earliest Times Through the Middle Bronze
IIA Period.
Dan Davis, chs. III, IV,
V, in "Navigation in the Ancient Eastern Mediterranean" MA
Thesis, Texas A & M.
Aaron Brody, introduction
& conclusion, Each Man Cried Out to His God.
Encyclopedia: "Uluburun,"
"Cape Gelidonya Wreck," "Bronze Age Stone Anchors,"
"Harbour Studies," "Sheytan Deresi Wreck"
March 20
The Minoan World
Malcolm Wiener, "The
Isles of Crete: The Minoan Thalassocracy Revisited."
Gale and Gale, "The
Role of Thera in the Bronze Age Trade in Metals."
Doumas ed., Thera and
the Aegean World (selections)
Chadwick, "Linear B"
Ellen Davis, "The Iconography
of the Ship Fresco from Thera," in Ancient Greek Art and Iconography
The Prehistoric Archaeology
of the Aegean: http://projects.dartmouth.edu/history/bronze_age/
[No Class: March 27
Spring Break]
April 3
Minoan Seafaring
J. Powell, part III "Fishing
Methods," in Fishing in the Prehistoric Aegean.
R. W. Hutchinson, ch. 4,
"The Minoan Marine, Trade, and Communications," and ch. 9,
"The Social and Economic Life, Industries, and Agriculture,"
in Prehistoric Crete.
Morgan, "Ships and Boats,"
& "The Nautical Procession," in The Miniature Wall
Paintings of Thera.
Eric Cline, "The Nature
of the Economic Relations of Crete with Egypt and the Near East during
the Late Bronze Age," in From Minoan Farmers to Roman Traders:
Sidelights on the Economy of Ancient Crete.
Cark G. Reynolds, "The
Maritime Character of Minoan Civilization," (read critically)
Philip Betancourt, "Relations
Between the Aegean and the Hyksos at the End of the Middle Bronze Age,"
in The Hyksos: New Historical and Archaeological Perspectives.
Encyclopedia: "Thera"
April 10
Geology of the Santorini
Volcano (Guest: Prof. Haraldur Sigurdsson, URI Geology Dept.)
Friedrich, Fire in the
Sea (Parts I & II)
April 17
Trade in the Western Med.:
Roman, Phoenician, Greek (Guest: Dr. Claire Calcagno, Univ. of Southampton
Archaeology Dept.)
Sherratt, A. & Sherratt,
S. "The Growth of the Mediterranean Economy in the Early First
Millennium BC."
Glenn Markoe, Ch. 7, "Commercial
Expansion Abroad," Phoenicians.
John Boardman, ch. 5 "Italy,
Sicily, and the West," in The Greeks Overseas.
P. Pomey, "Navigation
and Ships in the Age of Greek Colonization."
Robert Ballard, Lawrence
Stager, "Iron Age Shipwrecks in Deep Water off Ashkelon, Israel."
Encyclopedia: "Giglio
wreck," "Marsala Punic Warship"
April 24
The Roman Economy (Guest:
Prof. Peter Temin, MIT Econ. Dept.)
Peter Temin, "A Market
Economy in the Early Roman Empire."
Encyclopedia: "Kyrenia
Ship," "Madrague de Giens Wreck," "Grand Congloue,"
"Alexandria," "Actian Naval Monument," "Caesarea
Maritima," "Athlit Ram"
April 26-28 - 2nd MIT
Conference on Technology, Archaeology, and the Deep Sea
May 1
Skerki Bank (Guest: Anna
McCann)
Anna McCann and Freed, chs.
1-4, Deep Water Archaeology.
Ballard, McCann, et al. "The
discovery of ancient history in the deep sea using advanced deep submergence
technology."
Anna McCann, "Amphoras from the Deep Sea: Ancient Shipwrecks between
Carthage and Rome."
Anna McCann, "An Early Imperial Shipwreck in the Deep Sea off Skerki
Bank."
Encyclopedia: "Isis
Wreck," "Cosa, harbour of"
May 8: TBA
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