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David N. Ford
Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University
College Station, TX 77843-3136, USA
and
John D. Sterman
Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
50 Memorial Drive, E53-35
Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
Successfully implementing concurrent development to reduce cycle time has proven difficult due to unanticipated iterations. We develop a dynamic project model that explicitly models these interactions to investigate the causes of the ‘‘90% syndrome,’’ a common form of schedule failure in concurrent development. We find that increasing concurrence and common managerial responses to schedule pressure aggravate the syndrome and degrade schedule performance and project quality. We show how understanding of and policies to avoid the 90% syndrome require integration of the technical attributes of the project, the flows of information among participants, and the behavioral decisionmaking heuristics participants use to respond to unanticipated problems and perturbations.
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