The Birth Of The South Platte River Greenway

No further action was taken to address the South Platte River by the City until nine years after the great flood and a year after another flood, in 1974, when Mayor William McNichols founded the Platte River Development Committee (PRDC). The PRDC was chaired by Joe Shoemaker, a state senator, an ex-manager of Denver's Department of Public Works, and the mayor's ex-rival. Together, Joe Shoemaker and William McNichols hand-selected nine community members “who expressed interest in upgrading the river,” all from different neighborhoods in the city, with different backgrounds and political leanings. The PRDC was set up to work outside of the existing city bureaucracy and was independent of any city department (see organization chart for the City of Denver with the PRDC's place within it below). Because no one else in the city had any authority over (or interest in) the South Platte River, the PRDC was able to claim it as their domain, move quickly, and avoid getting caught up in any inter-departmental conflicts. The PRDC had a starting budget of 1.9 million dollars, which came from revenue sharing funds, but had no official power or pre-defined purpose. Joe Shoemaker, however, perceived this lack of official power as a blessing, and is quoted as saying “no power is all power.” The committee quickly defined their goal as making “the river boatable, hikable + bikable, able to handle floods, provide recreation space and connect to existing recreational facilities.” The Platte River Development Committee was to transform the South Platte River from an open sewer into a greenway.

The PRDC could not make the PRG happen without partners both inside and outside of the city. The City of Denver was both a supporter of the greenway (i.e. the mayor’s office) and a polluter of the South Platte (the Department of Public Works had a long history of dumping into the river). Some bureaucrats from the city departments thought that the redevelopment of the South Platte should have been done “in-house” but once the PRDC was organized, Joe Shoemaker invited the city departments to get involved in (and take some credit for) the effort – which dissolved resistance on the part of the city departments. The Denver public was generally supportive of the undertaking but the media, remembering the past failures, was more skeptical - especially early on. With time, successes, and a little convincing however, the media became a strong advocate for the greenway. To help build support for the PRG, Joe Shoemaker gave tours of the South Platte River before, during, and after construction of the greenway to government employees, representatives of the media, businessmen, and, perhaps most importantly, potential donors.

The 1.9 million dollars from the City’s revenue sharing funds was never meant to fund the entire project – it was only a seed. The PRDC needed to find other sources of funding if the PRG was to succeed. The PRDC had split the proposed greenway into four sections to allow four pairs of committee members and one engineering firm to focus on one section each (see image below) – but it was not until after the PRDC’s application for a Bureau of Outdoor Recreation grant was delayed by another Denver-based organization competing for the funds, that the PRDC decided to focus their efforts and available funds on the two northernmost sections of the PRG first. Beyond the funding constraints, the decision to do the northernmost sections first was influenced by the symbolic importance of the confluence of the South Platte with the Cherry Creek as the site of Denver’s founding and by environmental justice concerns - as the northernmost section had many low-income and minority residents and, being downstream of downtown Denver, was more severely polluted.

Image adapted from Denver's Parks and Recreation websites (www.denvergov.org/parksandrecreation)

In September 1975, the confluence section of the PRG was open to the public and by 1976, the northernmost section was as well. Although slightly awkward, some private donations were made to the PRDC - which was still associated with the city by its link to the mayor. With interest in the PRG growing daily, Joe Shoemaker saw a huge, growing, untapped potential private donor base. In order to attract the big monies (and the small ones, too) from these private donors, Joe Shoemaker created a 501(c)(3) non-profit in 1976 called “The Greenway Foundation.” This foundation was staffed with most of the PRDC members (who were members of both organizations until the PRDC completed its goals along the South Platte River and shut itself down). Besides the financial benefits of being completely disconnected from the City of Denver, the Greenway Foundation was no longer limited to just one river in scope - it could help create, lobby for, and fund greenways all over the Denver region along the South Platte’s many tributaries.

 

Above and below image from udfcd.org

In 1979, the Platte River Development Committee and the Greenway Foundation gained another partner and funding source for greenways in the Urban Drainage and Flood Control District – nicknamed "The District." The District was actually legislated into existence by the state in 1969 – four years after the flood. It is a regional entity – serving 40 counties, towns, and cities (see image at right) – with the sole purpose of providing these local governments with storm water drainage and flood control projects. Interestingly, The District does not do any of the design or construction work itself - rather it contracts the jobs out to private sector engineering and construction firms. It was not until 1979, however, with massive lobbying by District officials, Boulder County officials, and the Denver City council that the state legislature gave The District a steady source of funding: the power to collect property taxes through mill levies. A mill is one thousandth of a dollar ($0.001) and a mill levy is the amount of tax a property owner must pay per thousand dollars of assessed property value. The amount of tax that a property owner owes The District is calculated by multiplying the assessed value of the property by 1/1000 by the mill levy value (which currently ranges between .528 and .591, depending on which county the property is in). These tax monies are then used within the region to fund the construction and maintenance of drainage and flood control projects - i.e. greenways. Additionally, The District provides handbooks and brochures to cities and consultants with both general data and exemplary plans of these projects (see images at left and right).

Above and below image from udfcd.org

With the help from some very generous private donations (along with many small ones), all four sections of the PRG were open to the public by the early 1980's. The PRG was maintained by The District, The District-funded "Greenway Trail Rangers" (at right), and the city of Denver's Parks and Recreation Department (for the playgrounds and other recreational facilities). The images below show before-and-after photographs taken along the South Platte River in 1974 and 1990 (photos f rom "The Reclamation of the South Platte River Three Decades Later"). The Platte River Greenway - like most future greenways - has been upgraded and added to incrementally over the years after the initial construction was completed. The PRG was completed over a very short time span (at least for a project of its size and complexity) and on a tight, uncertain budget. The photos below attest to a very successful project overall.

Photo from Returning the Platte River to the People by Joe Shoemaker

 

Confluence Park - the birthplace of Denver (at the confluence of the South Platte River and Cherry Creek)
1974
1990 - note the white water kayaking course at left
   
Across from Confluence Park
1974
1990
   
Globeville Landing Park (northernmost portion)  
1974
1990
   
Northside Treatment Plant Park  
1974
1990
 
 

After the PRG, the process by which greenway projects were created and funded became somewhat standardized.

Read on to learn how a greenway project happens today...