The Net Advance of Physics:
GRAVITATION

GRAVITATION: THEORIES OF:
See also History of Gravitational Theories

• General: Introductory: Léon 98;
  • An exercise on Gauss' law for gravitation: The Flat Earth model by Alexandre Carlos Tort [2013/05]

• General: Bicak 2000/04;
  • The Last 50 Years of General Relativity and Gravitation: From GR3 to GR20 Warsaw Conferences by Abhay Ashtekar [2013/12]
  • Lectures on gravitation by Pietro Menotti [2017/03] 205 pp.
  • Gravitation: From Newton to Einstein by Pierre Fleury [2019/02] 100 pp.; 30-hour review course.
  • Modified theories of gravity: Why, how, and what? by S. Shankaranarayanan and J. P. Johnson [2022/04]
  • Notes on gravitational physics by J. L. Friedman [2023/08] 328 pp.

• General: Experimental/Observational: GRAVITATIONAL RADIATION;

• General: Experimental/Observational: Damour 97/11; Damour 99/01; Will 2001/03; Bennett 2005/03;
  • Cosmological Tests of Gravity by Bhuvnesh Jain and Justin Khoury [2010/04]
  • Precision Tests of Gravity by Clifford M. Will [2010/08]
  • The neutron and its role in cosmology and particle physics by Dirk Dubbers and Michael G. Schmidt [2011/05]
  • Equivalence Principles, Lense-Thirring Effects, and Solar-System Tests of Cosmological Models by Wei-Tou Ni [2011/12]
  • The Neutron and the Universe - History of a Relationship by Stephan Paul [2012/05]
  • Planetary ephemerides and gravity tests in the solar system by Agnes Fienga [2012/09]
  • Gravitational Anomalies in the Solar System? by Lorenzo Iorio [2014/12]
  • Testing General Relativity with Present and Future Astrophysical Observations by Emanuele Berti et al. [2015/01] 186 pp.
  • Observational and Experimental Gravity by Angela D. V. Di Virgilio et al. [2015/12]
  • An Undergraduate Test of Gravitational Time Dilation by Brian Patterson et al. [2017/10]
  • Cosmological Tests of Gravity by Pedro G. Ferreira [2019/02]
  • Precision gravity tests and the Einstein equivalence principle by G. M. Tino et al. [2020/02]
  • Astrophysical tests of screened modified gravity by J. Sakstein [2020/02]
  • Gravitational waves: The theorist's Swiss knife by M. Sakellariadou [2022/02]
  • Testing gravity in the laboratory by Q. G. Bailey [2023/05]

• General: EXPERIMENTAL/OBSERVATIONAL: GALAXY CLUSTERS:
  • Tests of Gravity with Galaxy Clusters by Matteo Cataneo and David Rapetti [International Journal of Modern Physics D 27, 1848006 (2018)]

• General: Experimental/Observational: LUNAR LASER RANGING: Nordtvedt 2003/01;

• General: Experimental/Observational: PULSARS:
  • Probing gravitation with pulsars by Michael Kramer [2012/11]
  • Pulsars and Gravity by R. N. Manchester [2015/02]
  • Tests of Gravitational Symmetries with Radio Pulsars by Lijing Shao and Norbert Wex [2016/04]
  • Pulsars as probes of gravity and fundamental physics by Michael Kramer [2016/06]
  • Radio pulsars: testing gravity and detecting gravitational waves by Delphine Perrodin and Alberto Sesana [2017/09]
  • Tests of classical gravity with radio pulsars by Z.-X. Hu et al. [2023/03]
  • Gravity experiments with radio pulsars by P. C. C. Freire and N. Wex [2024/07]

• General: Experimental/Observational: SHORT RANGE:
  • Casimir and short-range gravity tests by Astrid Lambrecht and Serge Reynaud [2011/06]

• General: Experimental/Observational: Unconventional Approaches: Skeggs 97/12 [possibly moved to unknown location];

• General: Numerical/Computational: Heinicke aand Hehl 2001/05;

• General: ANALOGUES:
  • The Basics of Water Waves Theory for Analogue Gravity by Germain Rousseaux [2012/03]
  • Survey of analogue spacetimes by Matt Visser [2012/06]

• General: CONSTRAINTS ON THEORIES OF GRAVITY: Aguirre et al. 2001/05;

• General: AS A SPIN TWO FIELD: Straumann 2000/06;

• Types: GENERAL RELATIVITY; MOND; MULTIDIMENSIONAL; MULTIGRAVITY; QUANTUM GRAVITY; SCALAR-TENSOR; SHORT RANGE; SUPERGRAVITY; YILMAZ;

• Type: CARROLL:
  • A primer on Carroll gravity by E. March and J. Read [2024/09]

• Type: NEWTONIAN:
  • La forma della Terra: una lezione sulla gravità Newtoniana by Marco Ruggieri and Guang Xiong Peng [2017/04]

• Type: NON-NEWTONIAN (OTHER THAN GENERAL RELATIVITY): Mann 98/03;
  • Dark Energy and Dark Gravity by Ruth Durrer and Roy Maartens [2007/11]
  • The dark side of gravity: Modified theories of gravity by Francisco S. N. Lobo [2008/07]
  • Approaches to Understanding Cosmic Acceleration by Alessandra Silvestri and Mark Trodden [2009/04]
  • Modified Gravity and Cosmology by Timothy Clifton et al. [2011/06] Survey of many approaches. 300 pp.
  • Extended Theories of Gravity by Salvatore Capozziello and Mariafelicia De Laurentis [2011/08] 184 pp.
  • Introduction to Modified Gravity: From the Cosmic Speedup Problem to Quantum Gravity Phenomenology by Gonzalo J. Olmo [2011/12]
  • A few remarks on the relationship between elementary particle physics, gravitation and cosmology by V. M. Mostepanenko [Gravitation and Cosmology 22, 116 (2016)]
  • A systematic approach to generalisations of General Relativity and their cosmological implications by Lavinia Heisenberg [2018/07] 193 pp.
  • Astrophysical tests of screened modified gravity by J. Sakstein [2020/02]

• Type: AETHER THEORIES:
  • Einstein-aether gravity: a status report by Theodore A. Jacobson [2007/07]
  • Einstein-aether gravity: theory and observational constraints by Theodore A. Jacobson [2007/08]
  • Reviving Gravity's Aether in Einstein's Universe by Niayesh Afshordi [2010/04]
  • Modified Gravity and Cosmology by Timothy Clifton et al. [2011/06] Survey of many approaches. 300 pp.

• Type: BF:
  • BF gravity by Mariano Celada et al. [Classical and Quantum Gravity 33, 213001 (2016)]

• Type: BIGRAVITY or BIMETRIC:
  • Recent developments in bimetric theory by Angnis Schmidt-May and Mikael von Strauss [2015/11]
  • A systematic approach to generalisations of General Relativity and their cosmological implications by Lavinia Heisenberg [2018/07] 193 pp.

• Type: CASCADING:
  • An Introduction to Cascading Gravity and Degravitation by Claudia de Rham [2008/10]

• Type: CHAMAELEON:
  • Tests of Chameleon Gravity by Clare Burrage and Jeremy Sakstein [2017/09]
  • Selected Topics in Scalar-Tensor Theories and Beyond by Israel Quiros [2019/01] 181 pp.

• Type: CHERN-SIMONS MODIFIED:
  • Chern-Simons Modified General Relativity by Stephon Alexander and Nicolas Yunes [2009/07]

• Type: DOUBLE COPY:
  • The double copy: gravity from gluons by Chris D. White [Contemporary Physics 59, 109 (2018)]
  • The Duality Between Color and Kinematics, and its Applications by Zvi Bern et al. [2019/09] 208 pp.
  • The double copy: From optics to quantum gravity by C. D. White [2021/05]

• Type: f(R):
  • f(R) Theories Of Gravity by Thomas P. Sotiriou and Valerio Faraoni [2008/05]
  • f(R) gravity: successes and challenges by Valerio Faraoni [2008/09]
  • f(R) theories by Antonio De Felice and Shinji Tsujikawa [2010/02]
  • Cosmological Tests of Gravity by Bhuvnesh Jain and Justin Khoury [2010/04]
  • Palatini Approach to Modified Gravity: f(R) Theories and Beyond by Gonzalo J. Olmo [2011/01]
  • Modified Gravity and Cosmology by Timothy Clifton et al. [2011/06] Survey of many approaches. 300 pp.
  • Extended Theories of Gravity by Salvatore Capozziello and Mariafelicia De Laurentis [2011/08] 184 pp.
  • Introduction to Modified Gravity: From the Cosmic Speedup Problem to Quantum Gravity Phenomenology by Gonzalo J. Olmo [2011/12]

• Type: EINSTEIN-CARTAN: Ruggiero and Tartaglia 2003/06; Trautman 2006/06;
  • Élie Cartan's torsion in geometry and in field theory by Friedrich W. Hehl and Yuri N. Obukhov [2007/11]
  • Searches for the role of spin and polarization in gravity by Wei-Tou Ni [2009/12]
  • Gravity and Unification: A Review [of four-dimensional theories] by Kirill Krasnov and Roberto Peracci [2017/12]
  • Introduction to Gauge Theory of Gravitation by Wytler Cordeiro dos Santos [2019/05]

• Type: GAUGE THEORIES IN GENERAL:
  • Gauge Theories of Gravitation by Milutin Blagojević and Friedrich W. Hehl [2012/10]
  • Introduction to Gauge Theory of Gravitation by Wytler Cordeiro dos Santos [2019/05]
  • A pedagogical review of gravity as a gauge theory by J. Bennett [2021/04]

• Type: HIGHER CURVATURE THEORIES: Schmidt 2006/02; Bojowald and Skirzewski 2006/06;
  • Modified Gravity and Cosmology by Timothy Clifton et al. [2011/06] Survey of many approaches. 300 pp.

• Type: HIGHER CURVATURE THEORIES: Re: BLACK HOLES: Myers 98/11;

• Type: HORAVA-LIFSHITZ:
  • Horava-Lifshitz gravity: a status report by Thomas P. Sotiriou [2010/06]
  • Horava-Lifshitz Cosmology: A Review by Shinji Mukohyama [2010/07]
  • The good, the bad and the ugly .... of Horava gravity by Antonio Padilla [2010/09]
  • Status of Horava gravity: A personal perspective by Matt Visser [2010/09]
  • Modified Gravity and Cosmology by Timothy Clifton et al. [2011/06] Survey of many approaches. 300 pp.
  • Tests of Lorentz invariance: a 2013 update by Stefano Liberati [2013/04]
  • Hořava Gravity at a Lifshitz Point: A Progress Report by Anzhong Wang [2017/01]

• Type: HORNDESKI:
  • A systematic approach to generalisations of General Relativity and their cosmological implications by Lavinia Heisenberg [2018/07] 193 pp.
  • Horndeski Theory and Beyond: A Review by Tsutomu Kobayashi [2019/01]
  • Selected Topics in Scalar-Tensor Theories and Beyond by Israel Quiros [2019/01] 181 pp.
  • Measuring gravity at cosmological scales by Luca Amendola et al. [2019/02]

• Type: INFINITE DERIVATIVE:
  • String-Inspired Infinite-Derivative Theories of Gravity: A Brief Overview by Tirthabir Biswas and Spyridon Talaganis [2014/12]

• Type: KINETIC:
  • Kinetic Pressure and Tetrode's Star by Kevin Brown [MathPages]

• Type: LANCZOS-LOVELOCK:
  • Lanczos-Lovelock models of gravity by T. Padmanabhan and D. Kothawala [2013/02]

• Type: MASSIVE GRAVITONS:
  • Theoretical Aspects of Massive Gravity by Kurt Hinterbichler [2011/05]
  • Galileons in the Sky by Claudia de Rham [2012/04]
  • Massive Gravity by Claudia de Rham [2014/01]
  • A systematic approach to generalisations of General Relativity and their cosmological implications by Lavinia Heisenberg [2018/07] 193 pp.

• Type: NON-COMMUTATIVE:
  • Noncommutative Geometries and Gravity by Folkert Muller-Hoissen [2007/09]
  • Survey of Gravity in Non-Commutative Geometry by Nicolas Franco [2008/05]

• Type: PALATINI:
  • Palatini Approach to Modified Gravity: f(R) Theories and Beyond by Gonzalo J. Olmo [2011/01]
  • Introduction to Modified Gravity: From the Cosmic Speedup Problem to Quantum Gravity Phenomenology by Gonzalo J. Olmo [2011/12]
  • Introduction to Palatini theories of gravity and nonsingular cosmologies by Gonzalo J. Olmo [2012/12]
  • Gravity and Unification: A Review [of four-dimensional theories] by Kirill Krasnov and Roberto Peracci [2017/12]
• Type: POINCARE GAUGE THEORY: Blagojevic 2003/02;

• Type: PROCA:
  • A systematic approach to generalisations of General Relativity and their cosmological implications by Lavinia Heisenberg [2018/07] 193 pp.

• Type: QUADRATIC:
  • Quadratic Gravity by Alberto Salvio [2018/04]
  • Review of gravitational-wave solutions in quadratic metric-affine gravity by A. Jiménez-Cano [2022/03]

• Type: RICCI-SCALAR DEPENDENT:
  • A bird's eye view of f(R)-gravity by Salvatore Capozziello et al. [2009/09]

• Type: SAKHAROV'S: Visser 2002/04;

• Type: SCALE-DEPENDENT:
  • Multifractional spacetimes from the Standard Model to cosmology by Gianluca Calcagni [2017/09]

• Type: SEMICLASSICAL: Ford 2005/04;

• Type: SHAPE DYNAMICS:
  • A Shape Dynamics Tutorial by Flavio Mercati [2014/09]

• Type: SHORT RANGE:
  • A few remarks on the relationship between elementary particle physics, gravitation and cosmology by V. M. Mostepanenko [Gravitation and Cosmology 22, 116 (2016)]

• Type: STOCHASTIC: Hu and Verdaguer 2002/11;
  • Stochastic Gravity: Theory and Applications by B. L. Hu and E. Verdaguer [2008/02] 100 pp.

• Type: TELEPARALLEL: see also TORSION
  • Teleparallel Gravity: An Overview by V. C. de Andrade et al. [2000/07]
  • Searches for the role of spin and polarization in gravity by Wei-Tou Ni [2009/12]
  • The teleparallel equivalent of general relativity by Jose Wadih Maluf [2013/03]
  • Teleparallelism: A New Way to Think of the Gravitational Interaction by R. Aldrovandi and J. G. Pereira [Ciencia Hoje 55, 32 (2015)]
  • Introduction to Teleparallel Gravities by Alexey Golovnev [2017/09]
  • Teleparallel gravity by M. Hohmann [2022/07]

• Type: TERRESTRIAL:
  • Terrestrial Gravity Fluctuations by Jan Harms [2015/07]

• Type: TIME INDEPENDENT FIELDS: Beig and Schmidt 2000/05;

• Type: UNIMODULAR:
  • A primer on unimodular gravity by E. Álvarez and E. Velasco-Aja [2023/01]

• Aspects: GRAVITATIONAL LENSING; GRAVITATIONAL RADIATION; QUANTIZATION;

• Aspects: AMPLIFICATION AND SHIELDING: v. Borzeszkowski and Chrobok 2003/10;

• Aspects: BLACK HOLES:
  • Black holes in General Relativity and beyond by Enrico Barausse [2019/01]

• Aspects: ENERGY:
  • Energy-Momentum of the Gravitational Field: Crucial Point for Gravitation Physics and Cosmology by Yu. V. Baryshev [2008/06]

• Aspects: INSTANTONS:
  • Gravitational instantons, old and new by M. Dunajski [2025/01]

• Aspects: MULTI-BODY SYSTEMS:
  • The Classical Gravitational N-Body Problem by Douglas C. Heggie [Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Physics, 2006]
  • Gravitational N-body Simulations by M. Trenti and P. Hut [Scholarpedia 2008/06]

• Aspects: RENORMALISABILITY:
  • A pedagogical explanation for the non-renormalizability of gravity by Assaf Shomer [2007/09]

• Aspects: SELF-GRAVITATING SYSTEMS: Katz 2002/12;
  • Self-force: Computational Strategies by Barry Wardell [2015/01]

• Re: QUANTUM MECHANICS;

• Re: CHERENKOV EFFECT:
  • The Cerenkov effect revisited: from swimming ducks to zero modes in gravitational analogs by Iacopo Carusotto and Germain Rousseaux [2011/05]

• Re: COSMOLOGY:
  • Cosmological Tests of Gravity by Kazuya Koyama [2015/04]
  • Cosmological Tests of Gravity by Pedro G. Ferreira [2019/02]

• Re: CPT SYMMETRY:
  • Recent Developments in Spacetime-Symmetry Tests in Gravity by Quentin G. Bailey [2019/06]

• Re: EFFECTIVE FIELD THEORY:
  • The Effective Field Theorist's Approach to Gravitational Dynamics by Rafael A. Porto [2016/01] 150+ pp.
  • Effective Field Theories of Post-Newtonian Gravity by Michele Levi [2018/07]

• Re: ENTANGLEMENT:
  • Lectures on Gravity and Entanglement by Mark Van Raamsdonk [2016/09]

• Re: GLOBAL SYMMETRIES: Peccei 98/07b;

• Re: LORENTZ VIOLATION:
  • Recent Developments in Spacetime-Symmetry Tests in Gravity by Quentin G. Bailey [2019/06]

• Re: MASS AND INERTIA: Rosu 94/12;

• Re: SCATTERING AMPLITUDES:
  • Classical Gravity from Scattering Amplitudes by D. A. Kosower et al. [2022/03]

• Re: SPIN: Straumann 2000/06;
  • Searches for the role of spin and polarization in gravity by Wei-Tou Ni [2009/12]

• Re: THERMODYNAMICS: Wald 99/01;

THE NET ADVANCE OF PHYSICS