Table of Contents
This file contains a list of tests you can perform to validate your Samba server. It also tells you what the likely cause of the problem is if it fails any one of these steps. If it passes all these tests, then it is probably working fine.
You should do all the tests in the order shown. We have tried to carefully choose them so later tests only use capabilities verified in the earlier tests. However, do not stop at the first error: there have been some instances when continuing with the tests has helped to solve a problem.
If you send one of the Samba mailing lists an email saying, “It does not work,” and you have not followed this test procedure, you should not be surprised if your email is ignored.
In all of the tests, it is assumed you have a Samba server called BIGSERVER and a PC called ACLIENT, both in workgroup TESTGROUP.
The procedure is similar for other types of clients.
It is also assumed you know the name of an available share in your
smb.conf. I for our examples this share is called tmp.
You can add a tmp share like this by adding the
lines shown in the next example.
These tests assume version 3.0.0 or later of the Samba suite. Some commands shown did not exist in earlier versions.
Please pay attention to the error messages you receive. If any error message
reports that your server is being unfriendly, you should first check that your
IP name resolution is correctly set up. Make sure your /etc/resolv.conf
file points to name servers that really do exist.
Also, if you do not have DNS server access for name resolution, please check
that the settings for your smb.conf file results in dns proxy = no. The
best way to check this is with testparm smb.conf.
It is helpful to monitor the log files during testing by using the
tail -F log_file_name in a separate
terminal console (use ctrl-alt-F1 through F6 or multiple terminals in X).
Relevant log files can be found (for default installations) in
/usr/local/samba/var. Also, connection logs from
machines can be found here or possibly in /var/log/samba,
depending on how or if you specified logging in your smb.conf file.
If you make changes to your smb.conf file while going through these test,
remember to restart smbd and nmbd.
Procedure 37.1. Diagnosing Your Samba Server
In the directory in which you store your smb.conf file, run the command
testparm smb.conf. If it reports any errors, then your smb.conf
configuration file is faulty.
Run the command ping BIGSERVER from the PC and ping ACLIENT from the UNIX box. If you do not get a valid response, then your TCP/IP software is not correctly installed.
You will need to start a “DOS prompt” window on the PC to run ping.
If you get a message saying “host not found” or a similar message, then
your DNS software or /etc/hosts file is not correctly set up. If using DNS, check that
the /etc/resolv.conf has correct, current, entries in it. It is possible to run
Samba without DNS entries for the server and client, but it is assumed you do have correct entries for the
remainder of these tests.
Another reason why ping might fail is if your host is running firewall software. You will need to relax the rules to let in the workstation in question, perhaps by allowing access from another subnet (on Linux this is done via the appropriate firewall maintenance commands ipchains or iptables).
Modern Linux distributions install ipchains/iptables by default. This is a common problem that is often overlooked.
If you wish to check what firewall rules may be present in a system under test, simply run
iptables -L -v, or if ipchains-based firewall rules are in use,
ipchains -L -v.
Here is a sample listing from a system that has an external Ethernet interface (eth1) on which Samba is not active and an internal (private network) interface (eth0) on which Samba is active:
frodo:~ # iptables -L -v
Chain INPUT (policy DROP 98496 packets, 12M bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
187K 109M ACCEPT all -- lo any anywhere anywhere
892K 125M ACCEPT all -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere
1399K 1380M ACCEPT all -- eth1 any anywhere anywhere \
state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
Chain FORWARD (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
978K 1177M ACCEPT all -- eth1 eth0 anywhere anywhere \
state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
658K 40M ACCEPT all -- eth0 eth1 anywhere anywhere
0 0 LOG all -- any any anywhere anywhere \
LOG level warning
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 2875K packets, 1508M bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain reject_func (0 references)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Run the command smbclient -L BIGSERVER on the UNIX box. You should get back a list of available shares.
If you get an error message containing the string “bad password”, then
you probably have either an incorrect hosts allow,
hosts deny, or valid users line in your
smb.conf, or your guest account is not valid. Check what your guest account is using testparm and
temporarily remove any hosts allow, hosts deny,
valid users, or invalid users lines.
If you get a message connection refused response, then the smbd server may
not be running. If you installed it in inetd.conf, then you probably edited
that file incorrectly. If you installed it as a daemon, then check that
it is running and check that the netbios-ssn port is in a LISTEN
state using netstat -a.
Some UNIX/Linux systems use xinetd in place of inetd. Check your system documentation for the location of the control files for your particular system implementation of the network super daemon.
If you get a message saying session request failed, the server refused the
connection. If it says “Your server software is being unfriendly,” then
it's probably because you have invalid command line parameters to smbd,
or a similar fatal problem with the initial startup of smbd. Also
check your config file (smb.conf) for syntax errors with testparm
and that the various directories where Samba keeps its log and lock
files exist.
There are a number of reasons for which smbd may refuse or decline
a session request. The most common of these involve one or more of
the smb.conf file entries as shown in the next example.
Example 37.2. Configuration for Allowing Connections Only from a Certain Subnet
[globals] |
hosts deny = ALL |
hosts allow = xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/yy |
interfaces = eth0 |
bind interfaces only = Yes |
In Configuration for Allowing Connections Only from a Certain Subnet, no allowance has been made for any session requests that will automatically translate to the loopback adapter address 127.0.0.1. To solve this problem, change these lines as shown in the following example.
Example 37.3. Configuration for Allowing Connections from a Certain Subnet and localhost
[globals] |
hosts deny = ALL |
hosts allow = xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/yy 127. |
interfaces = eth0 lo |
Another common cause of these two errors is having something already running on port 139,
such as Samba (smbd is running from inetd already) or Digital's Pathworks. Check
your inetd.conf file before trying to start smbd as a daemon it can avoid a
lot of frustration!
And yet another possible cause for failure of this test is when the subnet mask and/or broadcast address
settings are incorrect. Please check that the network interface IP address/broadcast address/subnet mask
settings are correct and that Samba has correctly noted these in the log.nmbd file.
Run the command nmblookup -B BIGSERVER __SAMBA__. You should get back the IP address of your Samba server.
If you do not, then nmbd is incorrectly installed. Check your inetd.conf
if you run it from there, or that the daemon is running and listening to UDP port 137.
One common problem is that many inetd implementations can't take many parameters on the command line. If this is the case, then create a one-line script that contains the right parameters and run that from inetd.
Run the command nmblookup -B ACLIENT `*'.
You should get the PC's IP address back. If you do not, then the client software on the PC isn't installed correctly, or isn't started, or you got the name of the PC wrong.
If ACLIENT does not resolve via DNS, then use the IP address of the client in the above test.
Run the command nmblookup -d 2 `*'.
This time we are trying the same as the previous test but are trying
it via a broadcast to the default broadcast address. A number of
NetBIOS/TCP/IP hosts on the network should respond, although Samba may
not catch all of the responses in the short time it listens. You
should see the got a positive name query response
messages from several hosts.
If this does not give a result similar to the previous test, then nmblookup isn't correctly getting your
broadcast address through its automatic mechanism. In this case you should experiment with the interfaces option in smb.conf to manually configure your IP address, broadcast, and netmask.
If your PC and server aren't on the same subnet, then you will need to use the
-B option to set the broadcast address to that of the PC's subnet.
This test will probably fail if your subnet mask and broadcast address are not correct. (Refer to test 3 notes above).
Run the command smbclient //BIGSERVER/TMP. You should
then be prompted for a password. You should use the password of the account
with which you are logged into the UNIX box. If you want to test with
another account, then add the -U accountname option to the end of
the command line for example, smbclient //bigserver/tmp -Ujohndoe.
It is possible to specify the password along with the username as follows: smbclient //bigserver/tmp -Ujohndoe%secret.
Once you enter the password, you should get the smb> prompt. If you
do not, then look at the error message. If it says “invalid network
name,” then the service tmp is not correctly set up in your smb.conf.
If it says “bad password,” then the likely causes are:
You have shadow passwords (or some other password system) but didn't compile in support for them in smbd.
You have a mixed-case password and you haven't enabled the password level option at a high enough level.
The path line in smb.conf is incorrect. Check it with testparm.
You enabled password encryption but didn't map UNIX to Samba users. Run smbpasswd -a username
Once connected, you should be able to use the commands dir, get, put, and so on. Type help command for instructions. You should especially check that the amount of free disk space shown is correct when you type dir.
On the PC, type the command net view \\BIGSERVER. You will need to do this from within a DOS prompt window. You should get back a list of shares available on the server.
If you get a message network name not found or similar error, then NetBIOS
name resolution is not working. This is usually caused by a problem in nmbd.
To overcome it, you could do one of the following (you only need to choose one of them):
Fix the nmbd installation.
Add the IP address of BIGSERVER to the wins server box in the advanced TCP/IP setup on the PC.
Enable Windows name resolution via DNS in the advanced section of the TCP/IP setup.
Add BIGSERVER to your lmhosts file on the PC.
If you get a message “invalid network name” or “bad password error,” then apply the same fixes as for the smbclient -L test. In particular, make sure your hosts allow line is correct (see the man pages).
Also, do not overlook that fact that when the workstation requests the connection to the Samba server, it will attempt to connect using the name with which you logged onto your Windows machine. You need to make sure that an account exists on your Samba server with that exact same name and password.
If you get a message “specified computer is not receiving requests” or similar error,
it probably means that the host is not contactable via TCP services.
Check to see if the host is running TCP wrappers, and if so, add an entry in
the hosts.allow file for your client (or subnet, and so on.)
Run the command net use x: \\BIGSERVER\TMP. You should
be prompted for a password, then you should get a command completed
successfully message. If not, then your PC software is incorrectly
installed or your smb.conf is incorrect. Make sure your hosts allow
and other config lines in smb.conf are correct.
It's also possible that the server can't work out what username to connect you as.
To see if this is the problem, add the line
user = username to the
[tmp] section of
smb.conf where username is the
username corresponding to the password you typed. If you find this
fixes things, you may need the username mapping option.
It might also be the case that your client only sends encrypted passwords
and you have encrypt passwords = no in smb.conf.
Change this setting to `yes' to fix this.
Run the command nmblookup -M testgroup where
testgroup is the name of the workgroup that your Samba server and
Windows PCs belong to. You should get back the IP address of the
master browser for that workgroup.
If you do not, then the election process has failed. Wait a minute to
see if it is just being slow, then try again. If it still fails after
that, then look at the browsing options you have set in smb.conf. Make
sure you have preferred master = yes to ensure that
an election is held at startup.
From file manager, try to browse the server. Your Samba server should
appear in the browse list of your local workgroup (or the one you
specified in smb.conf). You should be able to double-click on the name
of the server and get a list of shares. If you get the error message “invalid password,”
you are probably running Windows NT and it
is refusing to browse a server that has no encrypted password
capability and is in user-level security mode. In this case, either set
security = server and
password server = Windows_NT_Machine in your
smb.conf file or make sure encrypt passwords is
set to “yes”.