24.215: Topics in Philosophy of Science, Spring 2014

Instructor: Brad Skow.
Office Hours:No regular office hours; but I am in all day on most days. Email to make an appointment. Short notice (same or next day appointments) usually work out.
Class Meetings: MWF, 11am, 4-144.
Requirements:
  • Produce a "topic summary" when it is your turn, and revise that summary taking other students' comments into account; comment, on NB, on other summaries when it is not. Submit occasional short writing assignments (to be announced in class). (30%)
  • Two essays, 6-7 pages each. (35% each)

Further notes on essays: It is up to you to come up with topics for your papers, but you must clear your topics with me, and I am happy to discuss possible topics or make suggestions (this can be done informally in person or by email). You may submit drafts of your essays to me for comments. At least one of the times you do this we will meet in person to discuss your draft. You may submit as many drafts of each essay as you like (but please no more frequently than once every two weeks).

Further notes on summaries: each day, with some exceptions, one student will be responsible writing a "summary" of the philosophy we did that week. The summary should describe at least one philosophical theory we discussed, and state at least one, preferably more, arguments concerning that theory that we discussed. The statement of the argument should ideally be in "premise-conclusion" form. An attempt should be made to state how a proponent of the argument might defend its premises, as well as any objections to the argument that came up in the reading or in class. It is not necessary to include everything that was said in each class; only what the writer thinks is most important, or most interesting. I will email the class when a new summary has been posted on NB. Everyone should then read and comment on the summary. After two days, I will post the summary with the comments on this webpage.

Resources:What is an argument? |  Guidelines for writing philosophy papers.

Schedule (subject to change)

(Your name next to a day means you are in charge of writing the summary for that week. Remember: email me your summary in PDF form as soon as you've written it.)

Date          TopicReading
2/5Introductory Class.
2/7The D-N theory of explanation.
(Summary writer: Brad.)
Hempel, Laws and their Role in Scientific Explanation, excerpt. (Read to the end of 5.3.)
 
2/10More on the D-N theory: implicit theories of causation and of laws of nature.
(Skyler.)
Hempel, continued.
2/12Problems for the D-N Theory.
(Mayowa.)
Woodward, Making Things Happen, up to the end of section 4.4.
2/14Interlude: your favorite explanations.
 
2/17No class: President's Day.
2/18 (tuesday)Your favorite explanations, continued; Hempel on laws of nature.
2/19The causal theory of explanation.
(Virapat.)
Lewis, Causal Explanation, sections I-III.
2/21The causal theory of explanation, continued
(Ronald.)
 
2/24No Class: instructor away.
2/21Non-causal explanation?Sober, Equilibrium Explanation.
2/28No Class: instructor away.
 
3/3The regularity theory of causation.Hume excerpt and homework assignment.
3/5The counterfactual theory of causation.
(Alex.)
Lewis, Causation (do not read the postscripts).
3/7The counterfactual theory, continued.
(Wael.)
 
3/10Discussion: Causation, Counterfactuals, and Equilibrium Explanations.
(Thomas.)
3/12Pluralism about explanation.
(Yang.)
Jackson and Petit, In Defense of Explanatory Ecumenism.
3/14Anti-realism about causation.
(Brad.)
Russell, on the notion of cause.
 
3/17Anti-realism about causation, continued.
(Mayowa.)
3/19Queasy-realism about causation.
(Skyler.)
Woodward, causation with a human face.
3/21Discussion: causal anti-realism and causal explanation.First Essay Due.
 
Spring Break
 
3/31No class (instructor ill).
4/2Laws of nature?
(Virapat.)
Van Fraassen, Laws and Symmetry ch 2.
4/4The naive and sophisticated regularity theories.
(Alex.)
Carroll, the Humean Tradition, I-III.
Lewis, Counterfactuals, pp. 73-75.
Lewis, New Work for a Theory of Universals, pp. 39-43.
 
4/7Against the sophisticated regularity theory.
(Wael.)
Van Fraassen, Laws and Symmetry ch 3.
4/9Anti-reductionism.
(Thomas.)
Carroll, the Humean Tradition, VI.
4/11Discussion: are there laws of nature?(reminder: campus preview weekend)
 
4/14Underdetermination.
(Yang.)
Longino, Science as Social Knowledge, chapter 3 (only read pp. 40-48, "evidential reasoning and background assumptions.")
4/16Values and Objectivity in Science.
(Ronald.)
Longino, chapter 4.
4/18Values and Objectivity in Science, II.
 
4/21No Class: Patriot's Day.
4/23Values and Objectivity in Science, III.
(Mayowa.)
Longino, chapters 5 and 6 (only the section "Behavioral Neuroendocrinology," pp. 112 forward, of chapter 6).
4/25Interlude: Explanation in Mathematics.
(Skyler.)
Steiner, Mathematical Explanation.
Knuuth, Proof as a tool for learning mathematics.
 
4/28Underdetermination, II.
(Virapat.)
Laudan, Demystifying Underdetermination.
4/30Underdetermination, III.
(Alex.)
5/2No Class (instructor away).
 
5/5For Scientific Realism.
(Wael.)
Maxwell, The Ontological Status of Theoretical Entities.
5/7Against Scientific Realism.
(Thomas.)
Van Fraassen, The Scientific Image, Chapter 2.
5/9Against Scientific Realism.
(Yang.)
 
5/12Discussion of Scientific Realism.
(Ronald.)
5/14Closing discussion.Course evaluations; second essay due.


Brad Skow | MIT