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List of Tables
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: Introduction
Textbook Objectives and Structure
User’s Guide
Why Bother About Cities and Sustainability?
The World and Its Environmental Concerns Are Urbanizing
Range and Severity of Urban Environmental Problems
Cities as Solutions
Summary of Conclusions and Recommendations
PART I - CITIES AND SUSTAINABILITY
Chapter 2: Thinking About the Urban Environment
The Environment in Urban Literature
Cities in Environmental Theory
Synthesis
Thinking About Urban Ecology
Sustainable Development
The Earth Summit, Local Agenda 21, and Habitat II
Other Theoretical Perspectives
Theoretical Issues
Chapter 3: Understanding Problems, Characteristics, and Underlying Causes
Key Problem Areas
Access to Environmental Infrastructure and Services
Pollution from Urban Wastes and Emissions
Resource Degradation
Environmental Hazards
The Global Dimension
Conditions Influencing the Urban Environment
Economic Factors
Demographic Factors
Natural and Spatial Factors
Institutional Setting
Underlying Causes of Urban Environmental Degradation
Lack of Public Awareness and Participation
Inadequate Governance
Poor Policies
Insufficient Knowledge
Applying the Framework: Slums in Turkey
Chapter 4: Can Urban Development Be Sustained?
Differing Views of Urban Sustainability
Minimizing Ecological Footprints
Sustaining the Production of Wealth
Reducing Key Environmental Impacts
Common Ground and Common Challenges
Applying Definitions of Urban Sustainability to Case Studies
Las Vegas, Nevada
Mexico City, Mexico
Are Cities Sustainable?
The Case for Urban Environmental Planning and Management
PART II - PLANNING TO SUSTAIN CITIES
Chapter 5: The LEAP: A Framework for Urban Environmental Planning
Styles of Urban Environmental Planning
Reactive Approaches
Moving Toward a Strategic Approach
The Strategic Alternative of Local Environmental Action Planning
Informed Consultation
Clarifying Issues
Involving Stakeholders
Setting Priorities and Objectives
LEAP Development
Identifying Options
Selecting and Integrating Solutions
Action Planning
LEAP Implementation
Initiating Projects, Policies, and Programs
Institutionalizing the Planning Process
Monitoring and Indicators
Some Procedural Considerations
Applying the Framework
Sustainable Cities Program (SCP)
Local Agenda 21 Initiative (LA21)
Chapter 6: Tools for Analysis and Planning
Analytical Tools
Data Collection, Citywide Indicators, and Ecological Footprints
Health Evaluation
Economic Valuation
Household and Community Techniques
Geographic Information Systems
Planning Tools That Use Analysis and Public Consultation
Rapid Urban Environmental Assessment
Comparative Risk Assessment
Using Several Tools Over Time
Tools and Processes: A Suitability Summary
Chapter 7: The LEAP Process in Action
Informed Consultation
Examples
Lessons
LEAP Formulation
Experience
Lessons
LEAP Implementation
Experience
Lessons
PART III - MANAGING TO SUSTAIN CITIES
Chapter 8: Choosing Appropriate Management Options
Management Instruments and Selection Criteria
Options for Involving Stakeholders
Transparency and Awareness
Participation of Civil Society
Options for Building Environmental Management Capacity
General Measures for Capacity-Building
Improving Municipal Operations
Introducing New Institutions and Systems
Compendium of Management Options
Chapter 9: Good Practice for Managing the Urban Environment
What is Good Practice?
International Level: Global Campaign to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions
National Level: Phasing Out Leaded Gasoline
City Level: Integrating the Environment in Urban Development
Sectorial Level: Matching Sanitation Services and Socioeconomic Status
Neighborhood Level: Preserving an Informal Community’s Role in Waste Management
Compendium: 200+ Examples of Good Practice
Chapter 10: The Frontiers: Conclusions and Conundrums
Principles for Sustaining Urban Development in the Twenty-First Century
Practical Lessons Learned for Planning and Managing
Tensions and False Dichotomies
What We Still Need to Know
Research for Planning
Research for Management
A Concluding Note
Annex A: Environmental Data for the World’s 35 Largest Cities
Annex B: Resources for the Urban Environment
Information
Networks and Associations
Financial and Other Assistance
Annex C: Training and Research Institutions
Training
Research
Index |
