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Environmental Education Policies:
The following text is taken from the First National Report for the
Convention of Biological Diversity - BRAZIL: Chapter IV Legislation,
Policies and Programmes: Implementing Article 6 of the Convention on
Biological Diversity. The original language is preserved here so that I
can evaluate the effectiveness of the policies later.
 | Environmental Education is included as one of
the principles and aims within the National Policy for the Environment
(Law No. 6,938/1981). |
 | The Federal Constitution is explicit in
defining environmental education as a State obligation. |
 | The National Curriculum proposes the inclusion
of themes such as environment. The environmental theme deals with
natural elements, physical and social factors, and the concepts of
sustainability, diversity and values and attitudes. These measures,
taken by MEC (the Ministry of Education and Sport), local governments
and society combined, will contribute to the fulfilment of Article 13 of
the CBD (Convention of Biological Diversity). |
 | Constitutional Article 225 states that "both
the Government and the community shall have the duty to defend and
perserve it [an ecologically-balanced Environment] for present and
future generations". |
- The National Programme for Environmental
Education - PRONEA
 | PRONEA has seven main courses of action:
 | Environmental education via formal
education |
 | Education in environmental management
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 | Specific environmental education campaigns
for the users of natural resources |
 | Co-operation and integration of
communities on behalf of environmental education |
 | Co-operation within and between
institutions |
 | Creation of a network of centers
specialised in environmental education, including universities,
technical colleges and information centers throughout the country
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 | The MEC and the MMA are responsible for
coordinating the establishment of PRONEA. IBAMA will participate
actively. |
 | PRONEA was approved on December 21st, 1994.
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 | PRONEA is baed on five principles:
 | As Environmental Education is a
constitutional duty attributed to the State, it requires the joint
effort of the Union, the states and the municipalities. |
 | Besides being the global beneficiary of
environmental education, the community should become an essential
partner of the State in the promotion of educational action and in
directing social conscience toward environmental perservation for
present and future generations. |
 | The main aim of environmental education
should be to develop an integrated understanding of the environment
in its multiple and complex relations, involving physical,
biological, social, polititcal, economic, cultural, scientific and
ethical aspects. |
 | Environmental perservation is to ensure
the natural assets are used with responsibiity and conscious of the
present and future rights of humanity. |
 | The encouragement of a single
consciousness between the country's regions and between the country
and the international community. |
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 | PRONEA is based on two perspectives:
 | Making environmental education in schools,
for present and future generations, less basic in its approach and
more systematic. |
 | Improvements in effective environmental
management, with the development of a public conscience or the
production of information suited for the various segments of
society. The aim is to reach the three segments that will have
particular influence on the success of the Program, which are the
decision -makers, the users of natural resources, and those who work
in the field of communication. |
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 | PRONEA is an attempt to improve coordination
between the National Environment System (SISNAMA) and the Education
System |
 | Past research showed that most of the
Brazilian population do not relate the current Brazilian developmental
models with the environmental degradation widespread in the country.
Environmental education is generally included in the physical and
biological sciences, focusing essentially on nature, and fails to
incorporate social, cultural and economic dimensions. Its teaching is
limited by the small amount of research in this area, particularly
from a theoretical-methodological point of view, as well as by the
absence of teacher training and the lack of coordination between
government agencies.
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- The National Environment Fund - FNMA
 | The FNMA has supported various initiatives
in environmental education, including training courses, environmental
awareness campaigns, publications and promotional material (videos,
booklets, books, periodicals, information leaflets and audio-visual
material). |
 | The FNMA has mainly collaborated with
government institutions (universities, research institutes, state
environmental organizations, municipalities), and non-profit making
NGOs, throughout the country. |
 | From 1989 to 1997, the FNMA has supported
533 projects. Of which, 153 have been in environmental education.
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Source:
Ministry of
Environment,
First National Report for the Convention of
Biological Diversity - BRAZIL: Chapter IV
Legislation, Policies and Programmes: Implementing Article 6 of the
Convention on Biological Diversity. (P. 177-179)
Examples of Environmental Education in the Brazilian Agenda 21:
The exact languague is again perserved from Objective 15 and 16 of
the Brazillian Agenda 21.
- The Brazilian Agenda 21
 | On preserving the quantity and improve the
quality of water in the hydrographic basins
 | To channel a big environmental education
programme in the Northeast by mobilising big producers, public
companies, local governments and communities, especially the ones
living in the margins in critical points around the “São Francisco”
river and developing in the population the perception of a narrow
relationship between deforestation, loss of water and
desertification. |
 | To promote the environmental education,
mainly of children and youngsters, in the urban centres as far as
the consequence of water waste is concerned. Schools and the media
are privileged partners in the implementation of this action.
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 | Exemplary Actions in Threatened Biomass
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To educate the local populations making
them aware of the importance of preserving the biomass and, at the
same time, to offer them options for subsistence and opportunities
to improve their quality of life. To encourage the transition from
extractable activities to environmental services activities. To
stimulate the local communities to be the main beneficiaries of
preservation activities.
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To incorporate the Amazon to the national
community by preserving its forest and by guaranteeing its
sustainable development by stimulating the plantation of forests
and agricultural and timber activities in degraded forest areas,
with the help of financing from regional banks.
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To implement programmes of biodiversity
corridors in every biomass with representatives from all the big
bio-geographic subdivisions of the regions.
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To develop conservation projects of the
same conceptual and geographic scale of the big infrastructure
projects being propagated by the federal government. To condition
the implementation of infrastructure projects to those, which are
incorporated in conservation, projects and which may show
sustainability in the regional and national biodiversity
preservation.
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Source:
Ministry of Environment,
The Brazilian Agenda 21 Objective 15 and 16 (click
here
for full text)
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