|
| |
North Region:
 | Most of the states that contain parst of the Amazon are located in the
Northern region of Brazil. |
| On the River Tocantins in the state
of Pará is the Tucuruí hydroelectric station, the largest in the region. There
are also two smaller plants - Balbina on the River Uatumã (Amazonas) and
Samuel on the River Madeira (Rondônia) |
| The Federal Government offers fiscal
incentives for the setting up of industry in the state of Amazonas, in
particular for the assembly of electro-electronic products |
| This process is administered by the
Manaus Free Trade Area Authority and the incentives will remain in force until
at least the year 2003 |
Acre
|
Capital |
Rio Branco |
| Area |
153,149.9
km2 |
|
Towns |
22 |
| Location |
Extreme
west of the North Region |
|
Population |
527,937 inhabitants |
| Population
in the Capital |
259,537
inhabitants |
|
Climate |
Tropical |
| Mean
Annual Temperature (capital) |
26º C |
|
Time in Relation to Brasília |
-2h |
| Density of
Population |
3.45
inhabitants/km2 |
|
Urbanization Index |
61.89 |
| Infant
Mortality |
35.4 per
thousand live-born |
|
Illiteracy Rate |
30.68 |
|
Contribution to GDP |
0.15% |
|
Representation at National Congress |
11 Members of Parliament |
| Vegetation |
Tropical
rain forest |
| 95% is covered by Amazon rainforest |
| Economy is centered
around cattle ranching, agriculture, rubber and Brazil nuts |
| Free trade area in Brasiléia, 230
kilometres from Rio Branco, on the frontier with Bolivia |
| The Federal Government has defined
and regulated several areas devoted to rubber tapping |
Source:
http://www.mre.gov.br/cdbrasil/itamaraty/web/ingles/divpol/norte/ac/apresent/index.htm
Amazonas
|
Capital |
Manaus |
| Area |
1,577,820.3 km2 |
|
Towns |
62 |
| Location |
Centre of the North
Region |
|
Population |
2,560,860 inhabitants |
| Population in the
Capital |
1,255,049 inhabitants |
|
Climate |
Tropical |
| Mean Annual
Temperature (capital) |
26º C |
| Time
in Relation to Brasília |
-1h
in the eastern territory and -2h in the western territory |
| Density of Population |
1.62 inhabitants/km2 |
|
Urbanization Index |
71.45 |
| Infant Mortality |
27.9 per thousand
live-born |
|
Illiteracy Rate |
20.67 |
| Contribution to GDP |
1.29% |
|
Representation at National Congress |
11
Members of Parliament |
| Vegetation |
Amazon rain forest |
| Covered almost entirely by the Amazon
rain forest |
| Object of continuous attention from
NGOs and environmentalists |
| Due to the spread of rubber trees to
Asia Amazonas entered into an economic decline which lasted until 1950 |
| Economy based on mining (primary industry), fishing, and the sophisticated
technological industries of the capital. |
| Rely on extraction of Brazil nut
treee, rubber tree and the guaraná (for soda). |
| Protected area Pico da Neblina
National Park and the Janauary Ecological Park |
Source:
http://www.mre.gov.br/cdbrasil/itamaraty/web/ingles/divpol/norte/am/apresent/index.htm
Amapá
|
Capital |
Macapá |
| Area |
143,453.7 km2 |
|
Towns |
16 |
| Location |
Extreme north of the
Country |
|
Population |
434,781 inhabitants |
| Population in the
Capital |
256,033 inhabitants |
|
Climate |
Tropical |
| Mean Annual
Temperature (capital) |
27º C |
| Time
in Relation to Brasília |
The
same |
| Density of Population |
3.77 inhabitants/km2 |
|
Urbanization Index |
80.90 |
| Infant Mortality |
36.5 per thousand
live-born |
|
Illiteracy Rate |
16.92 |
| Contribution to GDP |
0.09% |
|
Representation at National Congress |
11
Members of Parliament |
| Vegetation |
Amazon rain forest,
coastal swamps and dry tropical forest |
| Lowest deforestation rate of all states
(only 2%) |
| More than 2/3 of its territory
is covered by forest, the rest is scrub and lowland |
| More than 23% of the area of Amapá is
protected |
| 8 conservation units, covering 14% of the
territory, |
| 2 indigenous reserves, representing a
further 8.6% of territory. |
| 5,000 Indians of the Galibi, Karipuna,
Palikur and Waiapi tribes |
| Economy relies on mineral production.
Manganese (primary), gold, chrome, kaolin. |
| The port of Santana exports
minerals, timber, palm oil and other farm products |
| over-exploitation of certain species
of timber, prospecting, mining, cattle ranching, indiscriminate exploitation
of palm hearts, extension of silviculture based on exogenous species,
over-hunting and over-fishing and the growth of itinerant agriculture |
| Port of Santana and Mazagão
Velho are free zones (exempt from value added and export taxes) |
| Amapá has three airports and 900 kilometres
of highway |
Source:
http://www.mre.gov.br/cdbrasil/itamaraty/web/ingles/divpol/norte/ap/apresent/index.htm
Pará
|
Capital |
Belém |
| Area |
1,253,164.5 km2 |
|
Towns |
143 |
| Location |
Centre of the North
Region |
|
Population |
5,886,454 inhabitants |
| Population in the
Capital |
1,186,926 inhabitants |
|
Climate |
Tropical |
| Mean Annual
Temperature (capital) |
26º C |
| Time
in Relation to Brasília |
The
same, except for the town Santarém, where the time is -1h |
| Density of Population |
4,70 inhabitants/km2 |
|
Urbanization Index |
52.42 |
| Infant Mortality |
34,7 per thousand
live-born |
|
Illiteracy Rate |
20.99 |
| Contribution to GDP |
1.31% |
|
Representation at National Congress |
20
Members of Parliament |
| Vegetation |
Amazon rain forest,
swamps along the coastal strip, dry tropical forest on the Island of Marajó,
and savanna in the south |
| 562 kilometres of coastline. Second largest state by area |
| Almost entirely covered by the Amazon
Rainforest, except for the open country in the area of the Trombetas river
basin and the Marajó archipelago |
| One of Brazil's largest mining areas
in the Carajás mountain (iron) |
| Produces 35 million tons of ore each
year exported to Japan, Germany, Italy, France and
Spain |
| Mining represents 14% of the state's
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) |
| Iron, bauxite, manganese, limestone,
tin, and gold |
| Serious conflicts
involving landowners, rural workers without land, land-grabbers, leaseholders
and native indians. |
| rich soil and a large hydrological
basin that enables shipping to be the main method of transportation within the
state |
| Economy is based on mining, vegetable
extracts, agriculture and animal-rearing. |
| 39 indigenous population groups covering more than 23 million
hectares |
| 8 million hectares are sectioned off by the National
Foundation for Brazilian Indians (the Funai). |
| Brazilian
Geographical and Statistical Institute (IBGE) estimate the state's indigenous
population is of 15,450 inhabitants. The larger communities include the Andira
Marau, the Mundurukus and the Kayapós |
Source:
http://www.mre.gov.br/cdbrasil/itamaraty/web/ingles/divpol/norte/pa/apresent/index.htm
Rondônia
|
Capital |
Porto Velho |
| Area |
238,512.8 km2 |
|
Towns |
52 |
| Location |
West of the North
Region |
|
Population |
1,296,856 inhabitants |
| Population in the
Capital |
309,750 inhabitants |
|
Climate |
Tropical |
| Mean Annual
Temperature (capital) |
25º C |
| Time
in Relation to Brasília |
-1h |
| Density of Population |
5.44 inhabitants/km2 |
|
Urbanization Index |
58.21 |
| Infant Mortality |
49,9 per thousand
live-born |
|
Illiteracy Rate |
18.67 |
| Contribution to GDP |
0.29% |
|
Representation at National Congress |
11
Members of Parliament |
| Vegetation |
Amazon rain forest |
| Economy based mostly on
cattle-breeding and coffee production |
| Pólo-Noroeste (The North-West Pole)
project aimed at encouraging settlements in the region and also built/bettered
roads.
|
| Population jumped from 100 thousand
inhabitants in 1970 to a present figure of 1.5 million |
| 52 state municipalities,
38 have come from these settlers. |
| Planafloro project aimed at
dealing with environmental issues and land demarcation |
| 17 Indian reserves, 23 different
groups, 1 has yet to have boundaries defined. |
| Samuel Hydroelectric Plant (1980s). |
| Upturn in the industries concerned
with timber, mineral, civil construction and foodstuffs |
| Guajará--Mirim is a free trade area
(city) |
| River Madeira is the main tributary on the right bank of the
Amazon |
| Lago do Cuniã is a nature reserve which is a natural breeding ground for
freshwater fish over which flocks of birds frequently fly. |
Source:
http://www.mre.gov.br/cdbrasil/itamaraty/web/ingles/divpol/norte/ro/apresent/index.htm
Roraima
| one of the Brazilian states that
still has the largest Indian population in the country |
| Yanomamis. Because of that unusual
situation and the richness of its soil which contains large mineral deposits -
gold, diamonds, cassiterite, bauxite, copper, sand, clay and granite - Roraima
has been the setting for constant conflict between the native population and
prospectors |
| 600 light aircraft were landing and
taking off daily on its territory |
| efforts by the central government to
control the situation by means of the National Indian Foundation (Funai) and
the Federal Police |
| 42% of the state's territory should
form a reservation for around 30,000 remaining Indians - slightly more than
10% of the population - from the tribes of the Macuxis, Jaricunas, Uapixana,
Angaricó Macu, Manhongon and Jauaperi. |
| On the River Uraricoeira is Maracá
Island, a nature reserve covering 92,000 hectares with fauna such as heron,
wolves and buffalo |
| production of maize, rice and cassava
and cattle and pig-rearing |
| One third of its territory is covered
by the Amazon Forest |
| the south is fertile arable land |
| strategic position for Brazilian
trade exchanges with Venezuela, Guyana and the Caribbean |
| 2.7% of the Brazilian territory |
|
Capital |
Boa
Vista |
| Area |
225,116.1 km2 |
|
Towns |
15 |
| Location |
North-west of the
North Region |
|
Population |
266,922 inhabitants |
| Population in the
Capital |
167,185 inhabitants |
|
Climate |
Tropical |
| Mean Annual
Temperature (capital) |
26º C |
| Time
in Relation to Brasília |
-1h |
| Density of Population |
1.18 inhabitants/km2 |
|
Urbanization Index |
64.72 |
| Infant Mortality |
38.9 per thousand
live-born |
|
Illiteracy Rate |
18.78 |
| Contribution to GDP |
0.11% |
|
Representation at National Congress |
11
Members of Parliament |
| Vegetation |
Amazon rain forest,
with a small strip of savanna to the east |
Source:
http://www.mre.gov.br/cdbrasil/itamaraty/web/ingles/divpol/norte/rr/apresent/index.htm
Tocantins
|
Capital |
Palmas |
| Area |
278,420.7 km2 |
|
Towns |
139 |
| Location |
South-west of the
North Region |
|
Population |
1,134,895 inhabitants |
| Population in the
Capital |
121,919 inhabitants |
|
Climate |
Tropical |
| Mean Annual
Temperature (capital) |
26º C |
| Time
in Relation to Brasília |
The
same |
| Density of Population |
4.08 inhabitants/km2 |
|
Urbanization Index |
57.69 |
| Infant Mortality |
37.5 per thousand
live-born |
|
Illiteracy Rate |
23.6 |
| Contribution to GDP |
2.12% |
|
Representation at National Congress |
11
Members of Parliament |
| Vegetation |
Amazon rain forest to
the north, savanna across most of the territory, with a small area of
tropical forest |
| In need of Economic development |
| Extensive cattle raising, subsistence
agriculture, and the establishment of commercial agriculture |
| Vegetable extraction industry, centered round the babaçu palm
tree (extreme North) |
| Lajeado hydro-electric scheme and the
Araguaia - Tocantins waterway
to the extension of the North South Railway |
| The Programme for Indigenous
Education has been recognised by Unesco as a model to be followed. |
Source:
http://www.mre.gov.br/cdbrasil/itamaraty/web/ingles/divpol/norte/to/apresent/index.htm
|
