After evaluating the benefits and drawbacks of electric toothbrushes, I have come up with TWO key aspects that need improvement: Cleanliness and Prevention of Damage.

The first, cleanliness is from the fact that although electric toothbrushes require minimal effort, since you are relying on the toothbrush so much, sometimes it goes out of control. For example, the water splatters everywhere when you take it out of your mouth early. Also, the water easily drips out of your mouth, since the toothbrush is constantly moving. Lastly, the modular design where the head can be removed from the handle is a plus, as in the case of the Professor I interviewed, but, many toothbrushes have a gap that allows for toothpaste etc. to enter.

Secondly, prevention of damage to the gums and teeth is important because users use the toothbrush to maintain their oral hygiene, not to destroy it. Therefore, there is a critical need for users to know when they are putting too much force during brushing.

1. Photodiode to sense whether or not the toothbrush is in the mouth (cleanliness)
2. Pressure sensor to prevent damage to gums and teeth enamel (damage)
3. Rubber nub assists the removal of the head from the handle and prevents water dripping onto hands while brushing (cleanliness)
4. Tight fit between the head and handle to prevent foreign substances entering (cleanliness)
5. Warns user after ~180 times of use (2 times a day × 90 days) for head change (cleanliness)