Instructor: John Gero
jgero@mit.edu
Session 1: 6 February
How do we want this course to be run? What outcomes are we seeking?
Formal notions of designing: the FBS framework, creativity, where is the
creativity
This session lays the groundwork for what follows; it describes
the function-behavior-structure
framework; introduces concepts of computational creativity
Session 2: 14 February
Representation and processes: Design spaces. First principles,
combination and transformation as processes in creative designing
Introduces the notion of design spaces and how creative processes
can be assessed. We start to look at the effects of representation and then
at some basic processes that can be used in supporting strategic creative
designing processes
Session 3: 21 February
Emergence as a process in creative designing
Seeing what wasn't put there; what is emergence; models of emergence; visual emergence; non-visual emergence
Session 4: 28 February
NO SESSION
Session 5: 7 March
Emergence with shape grammars
Shape grammars provide an elegant formalism for certain forms
of visual emergence that play a role in creative designing.
Session 6: 14 March
Analogy – I
Introduces the foundational concepts of analogy and its use
in case-based designing
Session 7: 21 March
Analogy – II
Extends analogy to distant analogies where analogies are
drawn from domains unconnected with that of the current design; looks beyond
structure-based analogies
Session 8: 4 April
Evolution – I
Introduces computational model of evolutionary system as
a form of combination and extends it with the use of concepts from genetic
engineering
Session 9: 11 April
Evolution – II
Computational models of evolutionary systems provide a framework
for combination of elements, to make them creative requires new
forms of combination
Session 10: 18 April
Evolution – III
Co-evolution allows both the design and the specifications
that design is attempting to satisfy to evolve together
Session 11: 25 April
Situated cognition and constructive memory
Situated cognition takes the view that “where you are
when you what you do matters; constructive
memory argues that memory is not a thing in a place but a process; situated
cognition combined with the concepts of constructive memory provide the basis
of a new
approach to designing that forms the basis situated computational creativity
Session 12: 2 May
S-creativity, situated emergence, situated analogy
A new descriptor of creativity is introduced – s-creativity,
emergence and analogy are re-examined through the lens of situatedness
Session 13: 9 May
Societal creativity through agent-based communities
Creativity may be viewed as having a social component, here
we look at creative design agents
and how they can form communities producing societal creativity
Session 14: 15 May
No session
Assignment 1
Discuss, (using
references) in no more than 1500 words, where the creativity might
be in designs and designing.
Due: 21 March 2002, emailed as a Word document to jgero@mit.edu
Assignment
2
What questions about creativity and computational creativity are raised
by the computational models of emergence and analogies that are in the readings?
Due: 25 April 2002, emailed as a Word document to jgero@mit.edu
Assignment
3
Human creativity
can be informed by computational models of creativity and be augmented by
artificial creativity. It is claimed that creativity is:
(1)
in the process,
(2) in the product and/or
(3) in
the society within which processes and products occur.
Using material from the course and from the readings present arguments for
and against each of these three views.
Conclude with your position as to the potential role of artificial creativity
in designing supported by arguments.
Due:
no later than 26 May 2002, emailed as a Word document to jgero@mit.edu.
Note the due date has had to be changed
from that discussed in class (and yes, I know it is a Sunday).
Bentley, P and Corne, D (eds) (2001) Creative Evolutionary Design, Morgan Kaufman, San Francisco
Boden. MA (1990) The Creative Mind: Myths and Mechanism, Cardinal, London
Clancey, WJ (1997) Situated Cognition: On Human Knowledge and Computer Representations, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Csikszentmihalyi. M (1996) Creativity: Flow and the Psychology of Discovery and Invention, Harper Collins, New York
Dartnall, T (ed.) (1994) Artificial Intelligence and Creativity, Kluwer, Dordrecht
Gero, JS and Maher, ML (eds) (1993). Modeling Creativity and Knowledge-Based Creative Design, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, New Jersey
Gero, J. S. and Maher, M. L. (eds) (1999) Computational Models of Creative Design IV, Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition, University of Sydney, Sydney
Gero, JS and Maher, ML (eds) (2001) Computational
and Cognitive Models of Creative Design V,
Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition, University of Sydney, Sydney
Many of these can be found at http://www.arch.su.EDU.AU/~john/publications.html
Gero, JS (1990) Design prototypes: a knowledge representation schema for design, AI Magazine, 11(4): 26-36
Gero, JS (1994) Computational models of creative design processes, in T Dartnall (ed.) Artificial Intelligence and Creativity, Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 269–281
Gero, JS (1996) Creativity, emergence and evolution in design: concepts and framework, Knowledge-Based Systems 9(7): 435-44
Gero, JS (1998) Adaptive systems in designing: new analogies from genetics and developmental biology, in I. Parmee (ed.), Adaptive Computing in Design and Manufacture, Springer, London, pp.3-12
Gero, JS (1998) Towards a model of designing which includes its situatedness, in H. Grabowski, S. Rude and G. Grein (eds), Universal Design Theory, Shaker Verlag, Aachen, pp. 47-55
Gero, JS (1999) Constructive memory in design thinking, in G. Goldschmidt and W. Porter (eds), Design Thinking Research Symposium: Design Representation, MIT, Cambridge, pp. I.29-35
Gero, JS (2001) Mass customisation of creative designs, in S Culley, A Duffy, C McMahon and K Wallace (eds), Design Research – Theories, Methodologies and Product Modelling, Professional Engineers Publishing, London, pp. 339-346
Gero, JS and Damski, J (1997). A symbolic model for shape emergence, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 24: 509-526
Gero, JS and Kazakov, V (1999) An extrapolation process for creative designing, in G. Augenbroe and C. Eastman (eds), Computers in Building, Kluwer, Boston, pp. 263-274
Gero, JS and Kazakov, V (2000) Adaptive enlargement of state spaces in evolutionary designing, AIEDAM 14(1): 31-38
Gero, JS and Kazakov, V (2001) A genetic engineering extension to genetic algorithms, Evolutionary Systems 9(1): 71-92
Gero, JS and Kulinski, J (2000) A situated approach to analogy in designing, in B-K. Tang, M. Tan and Y-C. Wong (eds), CAADRIA2000, CASA, Singapore, pp. 225-234
Gero, JS and Maher, ML (1992) Mutation and analogy to support creativity in computer-aided design, in G. N. Schmitt (ed.), CAAD Futures '91, Vieweg, Wiesbaden, pp. 261-270
Jun, H and Gero, JS (1998) Emergence of shape semantics of architectural shapes, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 25(4): 577-600
Kulinski, J and Gero, JS (2001) Constructive representation in situated analogy in design, in B de Vries, J van Leeuwen and H Achten (eds), CAADFutures 2001, Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 507-520
Qian, L and Gero, JS (1996) Function-behaviour-structure paths and their role in analogy-based design, AIEDAM 10:289-312
Saunders, R and Gero, JS (2001) Designing for interest and novelty: Motivating design agents, in B de Vries, J van Leeuwen and H Achten (eds), CAADFutures 2001, Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp.725-738
Schnier, T and Gero, JS (1998). From Frank Lloyd Wright to Mondrian: Transforming evolving representations, in I. Parmee (ed.), Adaptive Computing in Design and Manufacture, Springer, London, pp. 207-219
Suwa, M, Gero, JS and Purcell, T (1999) Unexpected
discoveries and s-inventions of design requirements: A key to creative designs,
in J. S. Gero and M. L. Maher (eds), Computational
Models of Creative Design IV, Key Centre
of Design Computing and Cognition, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,
pp. 297-320