Südgelände Nature Park, Berlin -- Species

 * Pioneer species predominate, especially 
   the native Betula pendula and the North 
   American Robinia pseudoacacia

 * Rare and threatened species are found 
   primarily in the dry grasslands and only 
   rarely in the woody vegetation

 * Vegetation distribution is typical of cities 
   and differs greatly from species composition
   in the rural surrounding

 * Differences between stands of native and 
   non-native species -- following normal                
   succession patterns for each given the trees 
   that colonized each space


  
Photos (http://www.gruen-berlin.de/parks-gardens/suedgelaende-nature-park/)


Decline in Herbaceous/Increase in Woody Vegetation
(Kowarik and Langer 1994, data from Asmus 1981 and Kowarik et al. 1992)
  
Photo (http://www.carpeberlin.com/english/web/new-single-e/article/natur-park-suedgelaende/)

Species Richness 
(Kowarik et al. 1992, Prasse and Ristow 1995, Saure 2001, Dahlmann), Photos (www.wikepedia.org)