What is Upgrading?

View the topics in the index below by clicking on the red button.

View photographs of 'Success Stores' from projects around the world.


		What is a slum?
		What is urban upgrading?
		What is needed to make it work?
		What is the demand for upgrading?
		What are the benefits of upgrading?
		Why have Government programs failed to reach the poor?
		What about the urban – rural linkages?


		Will it cost a lot?
		Are the costs sustainable?
		Why is community involvement important?
		Are 'squatter slums' different from 'city-center' slums?
		What other actions need to be taken to complement upgrading?


		Why not tear down slums and build new?
		Why does relocation not work?
		Where is the evidence that in-place slum upgrading is the best action?
		Isn’t it better to invest more in economic development?
		But what about improving the houses?
		What about preventive measures?


		Why were only a few projects city-wide or national in scope?
		What are the fundamentals for scaling up?
		What the issues in scaling up?


		History
		Why the strong interest now in slum upgrading projects?
		What lessons have been learned about the past 25 years of upgrading?

Photo of Zambian Women fetching water

If squatters are given tenure will others be encouraged to move to the cities?

Why should slum dwellers be given tenure on valuable land in a city which would be better used for commercial development?

Why should single story or low rise upgrading be permitted on valuable central city land which could be developed to a higher density?

If the slums are upgraded on private land, is public money being used to make the rich slumlords richer?

Do slum dwellers use their own resources to improve their living conditions? Does public money need to be used?

What is the value to the citizens who do not live in slums, when upgrading slums rather than demolishing them?


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