Roberto Rigobon
Curriculum Vitae
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Sloan School of Management
Room E62-520
100 Main Street
Cambridge, MA 02139
Citizenship: US and Venezuela
Status: Married with three children
Phone Office: (617) 258-8374
Fax Office: (617) 258-6786
Email: rigobon[at]mit.edu
Home page: http://web.mit.edu/rigobon/www/
Degrees and Academic Appointments:
Undergraduate Studies:
- Electrical Engineer, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Venezuela, 1984
Graduate Studies:
- MBA, Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administracion (IESA), 1989-1991.
- Ph.D. Economics, MIT, September 1993-1997
Principal Fields of Interest:
- International Economics
- Macroeconomics
MIT Appointments:
- Society of Sloan Fellows Professor of Management, MIT, July 2009 - today.
- Professor. Sloan School of Management, MIT. July 2007 - July 2009.
- Associate Professor with Tenure. Sloan School of Management, MIT. July 2004 - 2007.
- Associate Professor of Applied Economics. Sloan School of Management, MIT. July 2003 - July 2004.
- Class of 1943 Career Development Professor. Sloan School of Management, MIT. July 2000 - June 2003.
- Assistant Professor of Applied Economics. Sloan School of Management, MIT. July 1997 - June 2000.
Other Academic Appointments or Affiliations:
- Committee on National Statistics, National Academy of Sciences - 2015- today.
- Census Bureau’s Scientific Advisory Committee - 2012-today.
- LACEA - President - 2012-2013
- LACEA - Vice President - 2010-2011
- LACEA - Executive Committee, 2007-2013.
- Research Associate, NBER, since July 2003
- Faculty Research Fellow, NBER, July 1999-2003.
- Associate editor for Review of Economics and Statistics. 2003-2012.
- Editor Economia Panel, 2006-today.
- Associate editor for Economia, 2002-2005.
- Associate editor for Emerging Markets Review, 2002-2005
- Visiting Professor, Economics, IESA, Venezuela, since, July 1997.
Referee for academic Journals: American Economic Review, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Review of Economics and Statistics, Journal of International Economics, Journal of Finance, Journal of Monetary Economics, Journal of Public Policy, Review of International Economics, Journal of International Money and Finance, Journal of Money Credit and Banking
Honors, Scholarships, and Fellowships:
- NBER Research Associate 2003-
- 50 Egresados más influyentes del IESA - 2015
- NSF “Sticky Borders, Pass Through, and Terms of Trade” Grant # SES 0617256, 2005-2008.
- NBER Faculty Research Fellow 1999-2003
- Class 1943 Career Development Professor, MIT 2000-2003.1996-97: David Finch Fellowship.
- Summer 1995: Fellowship, World Economic Laboratory at MIT.
- Summer 1994: Fellowship, World Economic Laboratory at MIT.
- 1993 - 1996: Fundacion Gran Mariscal Ayacucho, Premio a la Excelencia.
- 1989 - 1991: IVEF Graduate Fellowship.
Teaching and other activities:
- International Macroeconomics: 15.012. Sloan School's MBA .
- International Macroeconomics II: 15.014. Sloan School's MBA .
- Debates in Macroeconomics and Political Economy: 15.018. Sloan School’s MBA
- Econometrics for Managers: 15.034. Sloan School’s MBA
- International Macroeconomics for Sloan Fellows: 15.015
- Development Macroeconomics: 15.040. MBA elective: Fall 1999. Spring 2001. Fall 2009-2010
- International Economics II: Ph.D. Economics 14.582: (2001 (half), 2003 (full), 2007 (half), 2009 (half), 2010 (half).
- Junior Faculty Recruiting Committee
Teaching Awards:
- Teacher of the Year award 1999, 2002, 2004, 2019, Sloan School of Management, MIT
- Excellence in Teaching award 2000, 2003, 2005, Sloan School of Management, MIT.
- The Samuel M. Seegal Prize. 2003. MIT award.
Publications
Papers published in Refereed Journals:
- The pricing strategies of online grocery retailers (D Aparicio, Z Metzman), Quantitative Marketing and Economics, November 2023
- Segunda Misión del Mercado de Capitales: avances y desafíos ( Luis Alberto Rodríguez) Chapter 3, pp 165-200, Book “Historia del mercado de capitales colombiano y otros ensayos”, ed Malagon and Verdugo
- Quantum Prices (Diego Aparicio) Journal of International Economics, Volume 143, July 2023
- Algorithmic discrimination in the credit domain: What do we know about it? (Ana Cristina Bicharra Garcia and Marcio Gomes Pinto Garcia) AI & Society: Knowledge, Culture and Communication, forthcoming, 2023
- Contingent Financial Networks (Munther Dahler and Bomin Jiang), Handbook of Financial Integration, forthcoming, 2023
- The Signal in the Noise (Florian Berg & Jason Jay & Julian Kölbel) EconPol Forum, CESifo, vol. 24(01), pages 23-27, January 2023
- Aggregate confusion: The divergence of ESG ratings (Florian Berg and Julian Kolbel), Review of Finance, Volume 26, Issue 6, Pages 1315–1344, November 2022.
- From Just in Time, to Just in Case, to Just in Worst-Case: Simple models of a Global Supply Chain under Uncertain Aggregate Shocks (with Bomin Jiang and Daniel Rigobon), IMF Economic Review, 70, 2022
- Rethinking Diversity Measures in the Finance Industry. Sloan Management Review, August, 2021
- Multilayer network analysis of oil linkages. (with Roberto Casarin, Matteo Iacopini, German Molina, Enrique Ter Horst, Ramon Espinasa, Carlos Sucre) The Econometrics Journal, 23, 2, 269-296, 2020
- What can online prices teach us about exchange rate pass-through?, Journal of International Money and Finance 106, 2020
- Contagion, Spillover, and Interdependence, Economia panel, 2019
- Measuring Sovereign Contagion in Europe (with Massimiliano Caporin, Loriana Pelizzon, Francesco Ravazzolo) Journal of Financial Stability, Forthcoming 2017
- A Micro-Based Model for World Oil Market (with Ramon Espinasa, Sergio Guerra Reyes, Enrique ter Horst, Osmel Manzano, and German Molina) Energy Economics, 2017
- The Billion Prices Project: Using Online Prices for Inflation Measurement and Research (with Alberto Cavallo) - Journal of Economic Perspectives- Vol 30(2):151-78, Spring 2016.
- The Price Impact of Joining a Currency Union: Evidence from Latvia (with Brent Neiman and Alberto Cavallo). IMF Economic Review September 2015 Vol. 63(2), p.281-297. Lead Article.
- Distance and political boundaries: Estimating border effects under inequality constraints (with F Borraz, A Cavallo, L Zipitría) International Journal of Finance & Economics, 2015
- Macroeconomics and On-Line Prices, LACEA’s Presidential Address. Economia Panel, 2015
- Prices and Supply Disruptions During Natural Disasters (with Alberto Cavallo and Eduardo Cavallo), Review of Income and Wealth, Vol. 60, pp. 449-471, 2014
- Currency Unions, Product Introductions, and the Real Exchange Rate (with Alberto Cavallo and Brent Neiman), Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2014
- Unexploited Gains from International Diversification, (with Tatiana Didier and Sergio Schmukler) Review of Economics and Statistics, 2013
- Do Credit Rating Agencies Add Value? Evidence from the Sovereign Rating Business Institutions (with Eduardo Alfredo Cavallo and Andrew Powell), International Journal of Finance and Economics, 2013
- International Macro-Finance (with Anna Pavlova) Encyclopedia of Financial Globalization, 2012
- In Search of the Black Swan: Analysis of the Statistical Evidence of Electoral Fraud in Venezuela (with Ricardo Hausmann) Statistical Science, 2011, Vol. 26, No. 4, 543–563
- Principal Components as a Measure of Systemic Risk, (with Mark Kritzman, Yuanzhen Li, and Sebastien Page) The Journal of Portfolio Management, Summer 2011, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 112-126, 2011.
- Stocks, Bonds, Money Markets and Exchange Rates: Measuring International Financial Transmission, (with Michael Ehrmann and Marcel Fratzscher) Journal of Applied Econometrics, forthcoming, 2011.
- Set Identification and Sensitivity Analysis with Tobin Regressors (with Victor Chernozhukov and Tom Stoker), Quantitative Economics, Vol 1, No. 2, 255-277, 2010.
- An asset pricing view of External Adjustment, (with Anna Pavlova) Journal of International Economics, Volume 80, Number 1, Pages 144-156, January 2010
- Currency Choice and Exchange Rate Pass-through, (with Gita Gopinath and Oleg Itskhoki) American Economic Review, Volume 100, Number 1, Pages 304-36, March, 2010.
- Bias from Censored Regressors, (with Tom Stoker) Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, vol. 27, issue 3, pages 340-353, 2009.
- Capital Controls, Managed Exchange Rates, and External Vulnerability, (with Sebastian Edwards) Journal of International Economics, Volume 78, Number 2, Pages 256-67, 2009
- The Role of Portfolio Constraints in the International Propagation of Shocks, (with Anna Pavlova) Review of Economic Studies, Volume 75, Number 4, Pages 1215-56, 2008
- Sticky Borders, (with Gita Gopinath) Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 123, Issue 2, Pages 531-75, May, 2008
- Exchange Rate Volatility, The New Palgrave, 2008
- Asset Prices and Exchange Rates, (with Anna Pavlova), Review of Financial Studies, Vol 20, Issue 4, Pages 1139-1180, 2007.
- Estimation with Censored Regressors: Basic Issues, (with Tom Stoker), International Economic Review, Vol 40, Issue 4, Pages1441-1467, November, 2007.
- The long run puzzle of the Real Exchange Rate Volatility, (with Ricardo Hausmann and Ugo Panizza), Journal of International Money and Finance, 25, 1, Pages 93-124, 2006.
- The effects of war risk on US financial markets, (with Brian Sack) Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol 29, Issue 7, Pages 1769-89, 2005.
- Rule of Law, Democracy, Openness, and Income: Estimating the Interrelationships, (with Dani Rodrik) The Economics of Transition, Vol 13, Issue 3, Pages 533-64, 2005.
- Identifying the efficacy of Central Bank interventions: Evidence from Australia and Japan, (with Jonathan Kearns) Journal of International Economics, Vol 66, Issue 1, Pages 31-48, 2005.
- Once again, is account openness good for growth?, (with Ha Yan Lee and Luca Ricci), Journal of Development Economics, Volume 75, Issue 2, Pages 451-72, December, 2004.
- The Impact of Monetary Policy on Asset Prices, (with Brian Sack) Journal of Monetary Economics, 51, pages 1553-75, 2004.
- Measuring the Reaction of Monetary Policy to the Stock Market, (with Brian Sack) Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 118, issue 2, pages 639-669, 2003.
- Identification Through Heteroskedasticity, Review of Economics and Statistics, vol. 85, issue 4, 2003.
- On the Measurement of the International Propagation of Shocks: Are they Stable?, Journal of International Economics, Volume 61, 261-283, 2003.
- The Curse of Non-investment Grade Countries, Journal of Development Economics, Volume 69, Issue 2, December, pp. 423-449, 2002.
- Currency crises and contagion: An introduction, (with Sebastian Edwards) (Editorial), Journal of Development Economics, Volume 69, Issue 2, December, pp.307-313, 2002.
- Disinflation and Fiscal Reform: A Neoclassical Perspective, Journal of International Economics, Volume 58, Number 2, December, pp 265-297, 2002.
- No Contagion, Only Interdependence: Measuring Stock Market Co-movements, (with Kristin Forbes) Journal of Finance, Volume 57, Number 5, October, PP 2223-2261, 2002.
- Contagion in Latin America: Definitions, Measurement, and Policy Implications, (with Kristin Forbes) Economia, Economia, Volume 1, Number 2. Pp. 1-46, 2001.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine:
Conference volumes and Earlier papers:
- Segunda Misión del Mercado de Capitales: avances y desafíos ( Luis Alberto Rodríguez) Book Chapter
- Alpargata, Cuba libre, y Playa: Cuando el Petroleo en una Bendicion y cuando una Maldicion? Book Chapter in honor of Ramon Espinasa
- Dealing with Expropriations: General Guidelines for Oil Production Contracts, (2010) in The Natural Resources Trap, William Hogan and Federico Sturzeneger Eds., MIT Press.
- Noisy Macroeconomic Announcements, Monetary Policy, and Asset Prices, (with Brian Sack) in Campbell, J (eds) Asset Prices and Monetary Policy, NBER, 2008.
- New Empirical Methods in Contagion: Which Ones Work, Which Ones Don’t? in Amalia Morales Zumaquero (eds.) International Macroeconomics: Recent Developments, Nova Science Publishers, NY, 2007.
- Why are capital flows so much more volatile in emerging than in developed countries?, (with Fernando Broner) in Caballero, R., C. Calderón and L. Céspedes (eds.) External Vulnerability and Preventive Policies, Banco Central de Chile. 2006
- A Risk Management Approach to Emerging Market's Sovereign Debt Sustainability with an Application to Brazilian Data, (with Marcio Garcia) in Inflation Targeting, Debt, and the Brazilian Experience: 1999 to 2003, editors, Francesco Giavazzi, Ilan Goldfajn, and Santiago Herrera, MIT Press, 2005.
- An alternative interpretation of the 'resource curse': Theory and policy implications, (with Ricardo Hausmann) in "Fiscal Policy Formulation and Implementation in Oil-Producing Countries” Editors: J.M. Davis, R. Ossowski, and A. Fedelino, July 2003, IMF.
- Resource Curse or Debt Overhang?, (with Osmel Manzano) "Natural Resources and Development: Are They a Curse? Are They Destiny?" Editors: Daniel Lederman and William F. Maloney, 2003, Stanford University Press.
- Contagion: How to measure it?, in "Preventing Currency Crises in Emerging Markets" Editors: Sebastian Edwards and Jeffrey Frankel, The University Chicago Press, Chicago, 2002, PP 269-334.
- International Financial Contagion: Theory and Evidence in Evolution, The Research Foundation of AIMR, August, 2002.
- Measuring Contagion: Conceptual and Empirical Issues, (with Kristin Forbes) Editor Stijn Claessens and Kristin Forbes. International Financial Contagion, Kluwer Academic Publishers. 2001
- Financial Contagion in Emerging Markets, with Eduardo Fernandez Arias in Wanted: World Financial Stability. Eduardo Fermandez Arias and Ricardo Hausmann editors. IDB, 2000.
- Gas subsidy in Venezuela: Its distributional impact'', Roberto Rigobon, in Hausmann, Ricardo and Rigobon, Roberto, eds. Government spending and income distribution in Latin America. Washington, D.C.: Inter-American Development Bank; distributed by Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1993.
- An Optimal Spending Rule Facing Oil Income Uncertainty (Venezuela)'' Hausmann, Ricardo, Powell, Andrew, and Rigobon, Roberto, in Engel, Eduardo and Meller, Patricio, eds. External shocks and stabilization mechanisms. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank; distributed by Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993, pp. 113-71.
- Government Spending and Income Distribution in Latin America, Hausmann, Ricardo and Rigobon, Roberto, editors. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank; distributed by Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1993.
- A stabilization program for Venezuela: An analysis.'' (with J.C. Navarro) Coyuntura Economica, 1992. (in Spanish).
- Financial regulatory system in Venezuela'' (with Ricardo Hausmann and Carlos Jaramillo), CEPAL, 1990. (In Spanish)
Comments, Book Reviews, and Policy Papers:
- Review: "Too Sensational : On the Choice of Exchange Rate Regimes”, by W. Max Corden, MIT Press, 2002., Journal of International Economics, Volume 64, Issue 1, pages 211-215, October, 2004.
- Comment: "When it rains, it pours, by Graciela Kaminsky, Carmen Reinhart, and Carlos Vegh, NBER Macro Annual, 2004
- Comments: “The Role of American Depositary Receipts in the Development of Emerging Markets: A Comment, Economia, v2, n1, Fall, PP 258-65, 2001.
- Comments: “Balance-of-payments crises in emerging markets, by Guillermo Calvo, in Currency Crises, Editor Paul Krugman, University of Chicago Press, 2000.
- Distribution of Inflation Impact: The Recent Experience in Central America and Mexico, December 2008
Research in Progress: Publications in Progress and Pending Review:
Very old ones…. Maybe Forgotten.
Conferences and Service on Statistical Offices:
- CSAC: Census Scientific Advisory Committee: 2013-2019
- CNSTAT: Committee on National Statistics, National Academy of Sciences: 2015-2019
- National Academy: Panel on Improving Federal Statistics for Policy and Social Science Research Using Multiple Data Sources and State-of-the-Art Estimation Methods: 2015-2019
- BEA Conference: BEA Advisory Committee Meeting, Nov 2015
- BEA-NA Conference: BEA Expert Meeting on Exploiting Commercial Data for Official Economic Statistics, Nov 2015
- Malaysia Stats Conference: MyStats Big Data, Nov 2015
Conferences organized:
- LACEA, President, ColMex, Mexico, 2013
- LACEA, President, Lima Peru, 2012
- LACEA, Vicepresident, 2011
- LACEA, Vicepresident, 2010
- LACEA, Program Committee, Mexico City, Mexico, 2006
- LACEA, Program Committee, Puebla, Mexico, October, 2003
- IASE at the NBER Summer institute, July 2003 "The Aftermath of Debt Restructuring and Default" with Sebastian Edwards.
- LACEA, Program Chair, Winter Meetings, January, 2003
- IASE at the NBER Summer institute, July 2001 "International transmission of shocks" with Sebastian Edwards.
- LACEA, Program Committee, Montevideo, Uruguay, October, 1999.
Conferences and Seminars:
- Bank of Thailand, December 2018, Big Data for Central Banks
- Bundesbank, October, 2018, Big Data for Central Banks
- BIS, 2018, October All Governors Meeting, Basel
- IMF, November 2015, Big Data Conference
- AFA, January 2009, “Equilibrium Portfolios and External Adjustment under Incomplete Markets" (with Anna Pavlova), March 2008.
- ASSA, January 2008, "The Role of Portfolio Constraints in the International Propagation of Shocks" (with Anna Pavlova)
- NBER, March 2007, Winter Meeting, “Pass Through at the Dock: Pricing to Currency and to Market?” (with Gita Gopinath and Oleg Itskhoki).
- ASSA, January 2007, “Sticky borders” (with Gita Gopinath)
- ASSA, January 2007, “Unexploited Gains from International Diversification.” (with Tatiana Didier and Sergio Schmukler)
- UPF, October 2006 “Sticky borders” (with Gita Gopinath)
- Bocconi, October 2006 “Sticky borders” (with Gita Gopinath)
- LSE, October 2006 “Sticky borders” (with Gita Gopinath)
- Kansas City Fed, October 2006 “Sticky borders” (with Gita Gopinath)
- LACEA 2006, “Unexploited Gains from International Diversification.” (with Tatiana Didier and Sergio Schmukler)
- ASSA, January 2006, present "Wealth Transfers and Portfolio Constraints" (with Anna Pavlova)
- ASSA, January 2005, present "Asset Prices and Exchange Rates" (with Anna Pavlova)
- ASSA, January 2005, present "Flight to quality, Contagion, and Portfolio Constraints" (with Anna Pavlova)
- ASSA, January 2005, present "Rule of Law, Democracy, Openness, and Income: Estimating the Interrelationships" (with Dani Rodrik)
- ASSA, January 2005, present "A Risk Management Approach to Emerging Market's Sovereign Debt Sustainability with an Application to Brazilian Data" (with Marcio Garcia)
- World Bank, January 2004, "Once more: is account openness good for growth?" (with Ha Yan Lee and Luca Ricci).
- ASSA, January 2004, present "News, Contagion, and Anticipation"
- ASSA, January 2004, present "Asset Prices and Exchange Rates" (with Anna Pavlova)
- ASSA, January 2004, present "The effects of war risk on US financial markets" (with Brian Sack)
- ASSA, January 2004, present "Capital Controls, Managed Exchange Rates, and External Vulnerability" (with Sebastian Edwards)
- IASE, November, 2003 "Once more: is account openness good for growth?" (with Ha Yan Lee and Luca Ricci), Chile.
- Visiting Scholar, World Bank, 2003-2004.
- NBER SI, July 2003, "Asset Prices and Exchange Rates" (with Anna Pavlova)
- LAEBA, January 7, 2003, Brookings Institute, "News and Contagion"
- ASSA, January 5, 2003, Conference on growth and natural resources "Resource Course or Debt Overhang" (with Osmel Manzano)
- Barcelona, October 13, 2002, Conference organized by Barry Eichengreen on capital flows: "Capital Controls and External Vulnerability" (with Sebastian Edwards)
- Lacea 2002, Madrid, October 10-12, "Capital Controls and External Vulnerability" (with Sebastian Edwards)
- IMF visiting Scholar, September 2002.
- NBER SI, Discussant of Peter Henry's: Is Disinflation good for the Stock Market.
- Original Sin Conference, organized by Ricardo Hausmann and Barry Eichengreen, Discussant.
- North American Econometric Society, UCLA, June 2002, "Measuring the Reaction of Monetary Policy to the Stock Market" (with Brian Sack).
- “Measuring the Reaction of Monetary Policy to the Stock Market" (with Brian Sack) in conference "State-Space Models, Regime Switching, and Identification" Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, May 2002.
- ASSA Meetings, "Measuring the Reaction of Monetary Policy to the Stock Market" (with Brian Sack), January 2002
- ASSA Meetings, "The impact of monetary policy on asset prices" (with Brian Sack), January 2002
- Berkeley Program in Finance, Santa Barbara, "Measuring the Reaction of Monetary Policy to the Stock Market" (with Brian Sack), October 2001
- Q-Group, Arizona, "The curse of non-investment grade countries" October 2001
- Winter Camp, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Argentina, August 2001.
- NBER Summer Institute, "Measuring the Reaction of Monetary Policy to the Stock Market" (with Brian Sack), July 2001
- IASE and NBER, "The curse of non-investment grade countries" July 2001
- Visiting, FED, Board of Governors, June 2001
- NBER conference on Currency Crisis Prevention "Contagion: How to Measure it?", January 2001, Florida.
- NBER summer institute "Identification Through Heteroskedasticity", July 2000, Cambridge
- WB-Wider-IMF conference on "Financial Contagion", Washington, Feb 4-5, 2000, paper presented "Measuring Contagion: Conceptual and Empirical Issues" (with Kristin Forbes), also discussant of three paper on contagion.
- LACEA, Oct 21-23 1999, Santiago. "On the measurement of the international propagation of shocks" and "Informational Speculative Attacks: Good news is no news"
- NBER summer institute "On the measurement of the international propagation of shocks", July 18, 1999, Cambridge.
- WB Conference on "Contagion and Financial crises", Buenos Aires, Argentina, paper presented "On the measurement of the international propagation of shocks", May 19, 1999, Cambridge.
- NBER "Currency Crises Conference", February 5, 1999, Cambridge. Discussant of paper: "Competitive devaluations: a welfare-based approach" by Corsetti, Pesenti, Roubini, Tille.
- Winter Camp, Feb 7-10, 1999, at Cartagena, Colombia. Organized by Guillermo Calvo. "On the measurement of contagion"
- Visiting, FED, Minneapolis, June 1998
- CEPR "European Summer Symposium in Macroeconomics", May 27-31, Tarragona, Spain. "Informational Speculative Attacks: Good news is no news".
- Distinguished Lecturer, Universidad de Los Andes, May 4-6, Bogota, 1998.
- NBER "IFM Winter Meeting", April 20, 1998, Cambridge. "Informational Speculative Attacks: Good news is no news".
- NBER "Currency Crises Conference", February 6-7, 1998, Cambridge. Discussant of paper: "Currency Crises: Current Account, Banking Fragility, and the Exchange Rate" Guillermo Calvo.
- AEA "Exchange Rates and Monetary Policy" conference, January 4, 1998, Chicago. Discussant of paper: "Inflationary Finance, Capital Controls, and Currency Substitution" Tandon & Wang.
- LACEA, Oct. 12 1997, Bogota. "Learning about Reforms".
Non-MIT Employment:
- 1984 - 1985: Dow Chemical Venezuela. Computer Assistant.
- 1985 - 1987: Dow Chemical Venezuela, in Merrell Dow Venezuela (Pharmaceutical division), Financial and Cost Manager.
- 1987 - 1988: Merrell Dow Venezuela, Product Manager of new products.
- 1988 - 1989: Merrell Dow Venezuela, Consumer Product Manager.
- 1991 - 1993: Researcher in Economics at IESA.
- 1997 - today: Visiting Professor at IESA.