Acknowledgments

1. Introduction

2. Theoretical background

2.1 Housing, ideology and practice
2.2 Squatter settlement upgrading and displacement
2.2.1 Introduction
2.2.2 Upgrading and mobility

3. Practical background

3.1 Karachi’s katchi abadis
3.1.1. Karachi’s growth and shelter
3.1.2 The katchi abadis
3.2 Baldia in the development of Karachi
3.3 Government housing policies
3.3.1 Policies based on clearance
3.3.2 Karachi Slum Improvement Project

4. Evaluation of Baldia Upgrading Programme

4.1 Socio-economic conditions
4.1.1 Socio-demographic aspects
4.1.2 Employment and income
4.2 Housing
4.2.1 House types
4.2.2 Tenure
4.2.3 Subdividing and subtenancy
4.2.4 Facilities
4.2.5 Improvements
4.2.6 Costs of improvements
4.2.7 Owner’s value estimates
4.2.8 Broker’s value estimates
4.2.9 On property value increases
4.3 Activities of K.M.C.
4.3.1 Introduction
4.3.2 Improvements
4.3.3 Regularization

5. Background of mobility

5.1 Overall mobility
5.2 The new-comers
5.3 The leavers
5.4 Tenure and mobility
5.5 Mobility, a concluding review

6. Conclusions

Bibliography

Annexes

1. Reviewlist individual cases mobility
2. Methodology and limitations
3. Abbreviations and used terms
4. Questionnaire