Foreword
Introduction
Chapter One:
The Setting of Objectives
The Primary Objective: Efficiency and Equity
Initial Objectives in Shelter
Initial Objectives in Urban Transport
Emphasis on Urban Employment
Meeting Basic Needs in Shelter
Towards an Urban Perspective
Chapter Two:
The Development of an Urban Lending Program
Urban Shelter Projects
Urban Transport Projects
Integrated Urban Projects
Regional Development Projects
Employment and Productivity in Project Design
Chapter Three:
Experience in Implementation
Problem Areas and Replicability
Institutional Framework
Land Acquisition and Tenure
Cost Recovery
Shifts in Standards
Project Management
Experience with Special Components
Indicators of Implementation Status
Summary Status
Financial Indicators
Project Management
Performance Indicators
Toward an Interim Evaluation
Chapter Four:
The Management of Urban Operations
Staff Development and Training
Internal Procedures
Performance Indicators
Chapter Five:
Impact of Urban Lending
Impact on National Urban Policies
Impact on Project Design, Planning, and Investment
Programming
Setting Design Standards
Recovering Costs
Reaching the Poor
Providing Land Tenure
Changing Design Procedures
Impact on Institutional Development
Impact on Policies and Programs in Specific Cities
Impact on Project Beneficiaries
Economic Rate of Return
Households Receiving Benefits
Project Proceeds Benefiting the Urban Poor
Impact on the Development Assistance Community
Chapter Six:
Conclusion: The Task Ahead
Urban Growth in the 1980s
The Urban Lending Program: Fiscal 1982-86
The Challenge of Replicability
The Importance of Housing Markets
The Role of Institutional Finance
Annexes
1. World Bank Urban Projects, Fiscal 1972-81
2. Bibliography for Urban Operations and Research
