What is urban upgrading?
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Overview

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What is a slum?

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What is urban upgrading?

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What is needed to make it work?

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What is the demand for upgrading?

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What are the benefits of upgrading?

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Why have Government programs failed to reach the poor?

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What about the urban – rural linkages?


Implementation

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Will it cost a lot?

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Are the costs sustainable?

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Why is community involvement important?

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Are 'squatter slums' different from 'city-center' slums?

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What other actions need to be taken to complement upgrading?


Alternatives

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Why not tear down slums and build new?

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Why does relocation not work?

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Where is the evidence that in-place slum upgrading is the best action?

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Isn’t it better to invest more in economic development?

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But what about improving the houses?

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What about preventive measures?


Scaling-Up

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Why were only a few projects city-wide or national in scope?

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What are the fundamentals for scaling up?

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What the issues in scaling up?


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History

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History

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Why the strong interest now in slum upgrading projects?

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What lessons have been learned about the past 25 years of upgrading?

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Some Issues

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If squatters are given tenure will others be encouraged to move to the cities?

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Why should slum dwellers be given tenure on valuable land in a city which would be better used for commercial development?

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Why should single story or low rise upgrading be permitted on valuable central city land which could be developed to a higher density?

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If the slums are upgraded on private land, is public money being used to make the rich slumlords richer?

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Do slum dwellers use their own resources to improve their living conditions? Does public money need to be used?

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What is the value to the citizens who do not live in slums, when upgrading slums rather than demolishing them?


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