Contents

• 1. Representation of Curves and Surfaces
  • 1.1 Analytic representation of curves
    • 1.1.1 Plane curves
    • 1.1.2 Space curves
  • 1.2 Analytic representation of surfaces
  • 1.3 Bézier curves and surfaces
    • 1.3.1 Bernstein polynomials
    • 1.3.2 Arithmetic operations of polynomials in Bernstein form
    • 1.3.3 Numerical condition of polynomials in Bernstein form
    • 1.3.4 Definition of Bézier curve and its properties
    • 1.3.5 Algorithms for Bézier curves
    • 1.3.6 Bézier surfaces
  • 1.4 B-spline curves and surfaces
    • 1.4.1 B-splines
    • 1.4.2 B-spline curve
    • 1.4.3 Algorithms for B-spline curves
    • 1.4.4 B-spline surface
  • 1.5 Generalization of B-spline to NURBS
  
  
• 2. Differential Geometry of Curves
  • 2.1 Arc length and tangent vector
  • 2.2 Principal normal and curvature
  • 2.3 Binormal vector and torsion
  • 2.4 Frenet-Serret formulae
  
  
• 3. Differential Geometry of Surfaces
  • 3.1 Tangent plane and surface normal
  • 3.2 First fundamental form I (metric)
  • 3.3 Second fundamental form II (curvature)
  • 3.4 Principal curvatures
  • 3.5 Gaussian and mean curvatures
    • 3.5.1 Explicit surfaces
    • 3.5.2 Implicit surfaces
  • 3.6 Euler's theorem and Dupin's indicatrix
  
  
• 4. Nonlinear Polynomial Solvers and Robustness Issues
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Local solution methods
  • 4.3 Classification of global solution methods
    • 4.3.1 Algebraic and Hybrid Techniques
    • 4.3.2 Homotopy (Continuation) Methods
    • 4.3.3 Subdivision Methods
  • 4.4 Projected Polyhedron algorithm
  • 4.5 Auxiliary variable method for nonlinear systems with square roots of polynomials
  • 4.6 Robustness issues
  • 4.7 Interval arithmetic
  • 4.8 Rounded interval arithmetic and its implementation
    • 4.8.1 Double precision floating point arithmetic
    • 4.8.2 Extracting the exponent from the binary representation
    • 4.8.3 Comparison of two different unit-in-the-last-place implementations
    • 4.8.4 Hardware rounding for rounded interval arithmetic
    • 4.8.5 Implementation of rounded interval arithmetic
  • 4.9 Interval Projected Polyhedron algorithm
    • 4.9.1 Formulation of the governing polynomial equations
    • 4.9.2 Comparison of software and hardware rounding
  
  
• 5. Intersection Problems
  • 5.1 Overview of intersection problems
  • 5.2 Intersection problem classification
    • 5.2.1 Classification by dimension
    • 5.2.2 Classification by type of geometry
    • 5.2.3 Classification by number system
  • 5.3 Point/point intersection
  • 5.4 Point/curve intersection
    • 5.4.1 Point/implicit algebraic curve intersection
    • 5.4.2 Point/rational polynomial parametric curve intersection
    • 5.4.3 Point/procedural parametric curve intersection
  • 5.5 Point/surface intersection
    • 5.5.1 Point/implicit algebraic surface intersection
    • 5.5.2 Point/rational polynomial parametric surface intersection
    • 5.5.3 Point/procedural parametric surface intersection
  • 5.6 Curve/curve intersection
    • 5.6.1 Rational polynomial parametric/implicit algebraic curve intersection (Case D3)
    • 5.6.2 Rational polynomial parametric/rational polynomial parametric curve intersection (Case D1)
    • 5.6.3 Rational polynomial parametric/procedural parametric and procedural parametric/procedural parametric curve intersections (Cases D2 and D5)
    • 5.6.4 Procedural parametric/implicit algebraic curve intersection (Case D6)
    • 5.6.5 Implicit algebraic/implicit algebraic curve intersection (Case D8)
  • 5.7 Curve/surface intersection
    • 5.7.1 Rational polynomial parametric curve/implicit algebraic surface intersection (Case E3)
    • 5.7.2 Rational polynomial parametric curve/rational polynomial parametric surface intersection (Case E1)
    • 5.7.3 Rational polynomial parametric/procedural parametric and procedural parametric/procedural parametric curve/surface intersections (Cases E2/E6)
    • 5.7.4 Procedural parametric curve/implicit algebraic surface intersection (Case E7)
    • 5.7.5 Implicit algebraic curve/implicit algebraic surface intersection (Case E11)
    • 5.7.6 Implicit algebraic curve/rational polynomial parametric surface intersection (Case E9)
  • 5.8 Surface/surface intersections
    • 5.8.1 Rational polynomial parametric/implicit algebraic surface intersection (Case F3)
    • 5.8.2 Rational polynomial parametric/rational polynomial parametric surface intersection (Case F1)
    • 5.8.3 Implicit algebraic/implicit algebraic surface intersection (Case F8)
  • 5.9 Overlapping of curves and surfaces
  • 5.10 Self-intersection of curves and surfaces
  • 5.11 Summary
  
  
• 6. Differential Geometry of Intersection Curves
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 More differential geometry of curves
  • 6.3 Transversal intersection curve
    • 6.3.1 Tangential direction
    • 6.3.2 Curvature and curvature vector
    • 6.3.3 Torsion and third order derivative vector
    • 6.3.4 Higher order derivative vector
  • 6.4 Intersection curve at tangential intersection points
    • 6.4.1 Tangential direction
    • 6.4.2 Curvature and curvature vector
    • 6.4.3 Third and higher order derivative vector
  • 6.5 Examples
    • 6.5.1 Transversal intersection of parametric-implicit surfaces
    • 6.5.2 Tangential intersection of implicit-implicit surfaces
  
  
• 7. Distance Functions
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Problem formulation
    • 7.2.1 Definition of the distances between two point sets
    • 7.2.2 Geometric interpretation of stationarity of distance function
  • 7.3 More about stationary points
    • 7.3.1 Classification of stationary points
    • 7.3.2 Nonisolated stationary points
  • 7.4 Examples
  
  
• 8. Curve and Surface Interrogation
  • 8.1 Classification of interrogation methods
    • 8.1.1 Zeroth-order interrogation methods
    • 8.1.2 First-order interrogation methods
    • 8.1.3 Second-order interrogation methods
    • 8.1.4 Third-order interrogation methods
    • 8.1.5 Fourth-order interrogation methods
  • 8.2 Stationary points of curvature of free-form parametric surfaces
    • 8.2.1 Gaussian curvature
    • 8.2.2 Mean curvature
    • 8.2.3 Principal curvatures
  • 8.3 Stationary points of curvature of explicit surfaces
  • 8.4 Stationary points of curvature of implicit surfaces
  • 8.5 Contouring constant curvature
    • 8.5.1 Contouring levels
    • 8.5.2 Finding starting points
    • 8.5.3 Mathematical formulation of contouring
    • 8.5.4 Examples
  
  
• 9. Umbilics and Lines of Curvature
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Lines of curvature near umbilics
  • 9.3 Conversion to Monge form
  • 9.4 Integration of lines of curvature
  • 9.5 Local extrema of principal curvatures at umbilics
  • 9.6 Perturbation of generic umbilics
  • 9.7 Inflection lines of developable surfaces
    • 9.7.1 Differential geometry of developable surfaces
    • 9.7.2 Lines of curvature near inflection lines
  
  
• 10. Geodesics
  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Geodesic equation
    • 10.2.1 Parametric surfaces
    • 10.2.2 Implicit surfaces
  • 10.3 Two point boundary value problem
    • 10.3.1 Introduction
    • 10.3.2 Shooting method
    • 10.3.3 Relaxation method
  • 10.4 Initial approximation
    • 10.4.1 Linear approximation
    • 10.4.2 Circular arc approximation
  • 10.5 Shortest path between a point and a curve
  • 10.6 Numerical applications
    • 10.6.1 Geodesic path between two points
    • 10.6.2 Geodesic path between a point and a curve
  • 10.7 Geodesic offsets
  • 10.8 Geodesics on developable surfaces
  
  
• 11. Offset Curves and Surfaces
  • 11.1 Introduction
    • 11.1.1 Background and motivation
    • 11.1.2 NC machining
    • 11.1.3 Medial axis
    • 11.1.4 Tolerance region
  • 11.2 Planar offset curves
    • 11.2.1 Differential geometry
    • 11.2.2 Classification of singularities
    • 11.2.3 Computation of singularities
    • 11.2.4 Approximations
  • 11.3 Offset surfaces
    • 11.3.1 Differential geometry
    • 11.3.2 Singularities of offset surfaces
    • 11.3.3 Self-intersection of offsets of implicit quadratic surfaces
    • 11.3.4 Self-intersection of offsets of explicit quadratic surfaces
    • 11.3.5 Self-intersection of offsets of polynomial parametric surface patches
    • 11.3.6 Tracing of self-intersection curves
    • 11.3.7 Approximations
  • 11.4 Pythagorean hodograph
    • 11.4.1 Curves
    • 11.4.2 Surfaces
  • 11.5 General offsets
  • 11.6 Pipe surfaces
    • 11.6.1 Introduction
    • 11.6.2 Local self-intersection of pipe surfaces
    • 11.6.3 Global self-intersection of pipe surfaces
  
  
• Problems
• A. Color Plates
• Bibliography
• Index
• Software Package